{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T01:24:16Z","timestamp":1790558656297,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]],"date-time":"2022-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19\u2014a severe acute respiratory syndrome disease caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)\u2014has recently attracted global attention, due to its devastating impact, to the point of being declared a pandemic. The search for new natural therapeutic drugs is mandatory, as the screening of already-known antiviral drugs so far has led to poor results. Several species of marine algae have been reported as sources of bioactive metabolites with potential antiviral and immunomodulatory activities, among others. Some of these bioactive metabolites might be able to act as antimicrobial drugs and also against viral infections by inhibiting their replication. Moreover, they could also trigger immunity against viral infection in humans and could be used as protective agents against COVID-In this context, this article reviews the main antiviral activities of bioactive metabolites from marine algae and their potential exploitation as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11020354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,11]],"date-time":"2022-02-11T02:37:46Z","timestamp":1644547066000},"page":"354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Cyanobacteria and Algae-Derived Bioactive Metabolites as Antiviral Agents: Evidence, Mode of Action, and Scope for Further Expansion; A Comprehensive Review in Light of the SARS-CoV-2 Outbreak"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5410-7511","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Biswajita","family":"Pradhan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India"},{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9060-4750","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rabindra","family":"Nayak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0166-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Srimanta","family":"Patra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Prajna Paramita","family":"Bhuyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soumya Ranjan","family":"Dash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6007-9262","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jang-Seu","family":"Ki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siba Prasad","family":"Adhikary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan 731235, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2198-6185","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ragusa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy"},{"name":"CNR-Nanotec, Institute of Nanotechnology, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2157-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mrutyunjay","family":"Jena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"11","article-title":"The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak\u2014An update on the status","volume":"7","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mil. 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