{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T06:09:59Z","timestamp":1781935799572,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Special Research Program on COVID-19, entitled AntioxIdentification, Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","award":["7546803"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7546803"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Understanding the sequelae of COVID-19 is of utmost importance. Neuroinflammation and disturbed redox homeostasis are suggested as prevailing underlying mechanisms in neurological sequelae propagation in long-COVID. We aimed to investigate whether variations in antioxidant genetic profile might be associated with neurological sequelae in long-COVID. Neurological examination and antioxidant genetic profile (SOD2, GPXs and GSTs) determination, as well as, genotype analysis of Nrf2 and ACE2, were conducted on 167 COVID-19 patients. Polymorphisms were determined by the appropriate PCR methods. Only polymorphisms in GSTP1AB and GSTO1 were independently associated with long-COVID manifestations. Indeed, individuals carrying GSTP1 Val or GSTO1 Asp allele exhibited lower odds of long-COVID myalgia development, both independently and in combination. Furthermore, the combined presence of GSTP1 Ile and GSTO1 Ala alleles exhibited cumulative risk regarding long-COVID myalgia in carriers of the combined GPX1 LeuLeu\/GPX3 CC genotype. Moreover, individuals carrying combined GSTM1-null\/GPX1LeuLeu genotype were more prone to developing long-COVID \u201cbrain fog\u201d, while this probability further enlarged if the Nrf2 A allele was also present. The fact that certain genetic variants of antioxidant enzymes, independently or in combination, affect the probability of long-COVID manifestations, further emphasizes the involvement of genetic susceptibility when SARS-CoV-2 infection is initiated in the host cells, and also months after.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]],"date-time":"2022-05-12T05:10:32Z","timestamp":1652332232000},"page":"954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Antioxidant Genetic Profile Modifies Probability of Developing Neurological Sequelae in Long-COVID"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Marko","family":"Ercegovac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milika","family":"Asanin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2026-4180","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Savic-Radojevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan","family":"Ranin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marija","family":"Matic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatjana","family":"Djukic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0227-821X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vesna","family":"Coric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Djurdja","family":"Jerotic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nevena","family":"Todorovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4331-3328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Milosevic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goran","family":"Stevanovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8683-5129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatjana","family":"Simic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoran","family":"Bukumiric","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8969-0594","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marija","family":"Pljesa-Ercegovac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Institute of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20406223221076890","DOI":"10.1177\/20406223221076890","article-title":"Neurological manifestations of long-COVID syndrome: A narrative review","volume":"13","author":"Stefanou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Ther. 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