{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T22:24:06Z","timestamp":1785450246407,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":117,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652486400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01 CA217797"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01 CA217797"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA148062"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA148062"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 CA78586"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 CA78586"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic cancer accounts for nearly one fourth of all new cancers worldwide. Little progress in the development of novel or adjuvant therapies has been made over the past few decades and new approaches to the treatment of pancreatic cancer are desperately needed. Pharmacologic ascorbate (P-AscH\u2212, high-dose, intravenous vitamin C) is being investigated in clinical trials as an adjunct to standard-of-care chemoradiation treatments. In vitro, P-AscH\u2212 has been shown to sensitize cancer cells to ionizing radiation in a manner that is dependent on the generation of H2O2 while simultaneously protecting normal tissue from radiation damage. There is renewed interest in Auranofin (Au), an FDA-approved medication utilized in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, as an anti-cancer agent. Au inhibits the thioredoxin antioxidant system, thus increasing the overall peroxide burden on cancer cells. In support of current literature demonstrating Au\u2019s effectiveness in breast, colon, lung, and ovarian cancer, we offer additional data that demonstrate the effectiveness of Au alone and in combination with P-AscH\u2212 and ionizing radiation in pancreatic cancer treatment. Combining P-AscH\u2212 and Au in the treatment of pancreatic cancer may confer multiple mechanisms to increase H2O2-dependent toxicity amongst cancer cells and provide a promising translatable avenue by which to enhance radiation effectiveness and improve patient outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11050971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]],"date-time":"2022-05-14T09:27:56Z","timestamp":1652520476000},"page":"971","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Auranofin and Pharmacologic Ascorbate as Radiomodulators in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9210-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Garett J.","family":"Steers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria Y.","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7431-1141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brianne R.","family":"O\u2019Leary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Van Beek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2222-1328","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joseph J.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21708","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Siegel","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. 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