{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T17:30:43Z","timestamp":1788543043690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655337600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006261","name":"Taif University Researchers Supporting Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TURSP-2020-258"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TURSP-2020-258"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006261","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present experiment investigated the potential protective role of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) seed meal (PSM) in alleviating methomyl (MET)-adverse impacts on growth, whole-body composition, hematological indicators, hepatorenal function, immune response, oxidative status, and disease resistance to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this purpose, 225 healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were allotted into five groups (45 fish\/group in triplicate). One group was reared in clean water and fed a non-supplemented basal diet, while the other groups were exposed to 20.39 \u03bcg L\u22121 MET and fed a non-fortified basal diet or basal diets supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, or 2.0% of PSM for 60 days. The obtained data revealed significantly lower weight gain, feed intake, and specific growth rate, but higher feed conversion ratio and decreases in crude protein, lipid, and ash contents in the MET-exposed fish. Anemia, leukopenia, lymphocytopenia, and esonipenia were also obvious. Furthermore, MET-exposed fish had significantly higher serum levels of hepatic enzymes and renal damage products. Nevertheless, there was a significant depletion of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and increased malondialdehyde, myeloperoxidase, and tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 levels in MET-exposed fish. The MET exposure significantly depressed lysozyme activity, nitric oxide, complement3, acetylcholinesterase activity, total proteins, globulin, and albumin levels in O. niloticus serum. Furthermore, pathological alterations in the liver and kidney were noted. The relative percentage of survival rate in MET-exposed fish was dramatically reduced on day 14 post-challenge with P. aeruginosa. The inclusion of PSM, on the other hand, greatly alleviated most of the MET-related negative effects. Taken together, the dietary intervention with PSM has a promising role in alleviating MET-deleterious impacts, rendering parsley seeds a viable aqua feed additive for O. niloticus.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11061185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,17]],"date-time":"2022-06-17T01:48:12Z","timestamp":1655430492000},"page":"1185","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Dietary Parsley Seed Mitigates Methomyl-Induced Impaired Growth Performance, Hemato-Immune Suppression, Oxidative Stress, Hepato-Renal Damage, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa Susceptibility in Oreochromis niloticus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6745-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Walaa","family":"El-Houseiny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samah Attia","family":"Algharib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh 13736, Egypt"},{"name":"National Reference Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Residues (HZAU) and MAO Key Laboratory for Detection of Veterinary Drug Residues, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman A. A.","family":"Mohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7444-8014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed M. M.","family":"Metwally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasmina K.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4982-5161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Youssef S.","family":"Alghamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7208-7123","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamed Mohamed","family":"Soliman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Sciences Department, Turabah University College, Taif University, Taif 21995, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3646-6385","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasmina M.","family":"Abd-Elhakim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd Elhakeem","family":"El-Murr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Kibenge, F.S.B., Baldisserotto, B., and Chong, R. (2021). Chapter Five\u2014Agrochemicals: Ecotoxicology and management in aquaculture. Aquaculture Toxicology, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"Dar, G.H., Bhat, R.A., Qadri, H., Al-Ghamdy, K.M., and Hakeem, K.R. (2022). Chapter 3\u2014Effects of heavy metals and pesticides on fish. Bacterial Fish Diseases, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2013.10.020","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure of methomyl on the antioxidant system in liver of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"101","author":"Meng","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2015.1081917","article-title":"Determination of carbamate insecticides in water, fruit, and vegetables by ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid\u2013liquid microextraction and high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"49","author":"Kongphonprom","year":"2016","journal-title":"Anal. Lett."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Whitacre, D.M. (2013). Environmental Fate and Toxicology of Methomyl. Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Springer.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-4717-7"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mansour, S.A., Abbassy, M.A., and Shaldam, H.A. (2017). Zinc ameliorate oxidative stress and hormonal disturbance induced by methomyl, abamectin, and their mixture in male rats. Toxics, 5.","DOI":"10.3390\/toxics5040037"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4081\/ni.2014.5307","article-title":"Methomyl poisoning presenting with decorticate posture and cortical blindness","volume":"6","author":"Lin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurol. Int."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.21776\/ub.jels.2017.007.02.05","article-title":"Assessing the genotoxic potentials of methomyl-based pesticide in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) using micronucleus assay","volume":"7","author":"Islamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_9","first-page":"147","article-title":"Ipomoea aquatica: Purification of Aquaculture Water Contaminated by Methomyl and Effect on Fish Growth","volume":"36","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin. Agric. Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mohamed, A.A., Abdel Rahman, A.N., Salem, G.A., Deib, M.M.E., Nassan, M.A., Rhouma, N.R., and Khater, S.I. (2021). The Antioxidant Role of a Taurine-Enriched Diet in Combating the Immunotoxic and Inflammatory Effects of Pyrethroids and\/or Carbamates in Oreochromis niloticus. Animals, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/ani11051318"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737693","article-title":"The single or combined Silybum marianum and co-enzyme Q10 role in alleviating fluoride-induced impaired growth, immune suppression, oxidative stress, histological alterations, and reduced resistance to Aeromonas sobria in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus)","volume":"548","author":"Metwally","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.05.045","article-title":"The potential role of turmeric and black pepper powder diet supplements in reversing cadmium-induced growth retardation, ATP depletion, hepatorenal damage, and testicular toxicity in Clarias gariepinus","volume":"510","author":"Khalil","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3256","DOI":"10.1111\/are.15171","article-title":"Evaluation of leaf protein concentrate from Beta vulgaris and Daucus carota as a substitute for soybean meal in Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings diets","volume":"52","author":"Ayyat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3292","DOI":"10.1021\/jf981159m","article-title":"Compartive study of volatile components and fatty acids of plants and in vitro cultures of parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill) nym ex hill)","volume":"47","author":"Lopez","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_15","first-page":"230","article-title":"Parsley herb","volume":"1","author":"Bradley","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br. Herb. Compend."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"138","article-title":"Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) on the skin of STZ induced diabetic rats","volume":"13","author":"Tunali","year":"1999","journal-title":"Phytother. Res. Int. J. Devoted Pharmacol. Toxicol. Eval. Nat. Prod. Deriv."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2021.737322","article-title":"Effect of parsley essential oil on digestive enzymes, intestinal morphometry, blood chemistry and stress-related genes in liver of Nile tilapia fish exposed to Bifenthrin","volume":"546","author":"Farag","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711459900080X","article-title":"Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) intake on urinary apigenin excretion, blood antioxidant enzymes and biomarkers for oxidative stress in human subjects","volume":"81","author":"Nielsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2005.05.031","article-title":"Studies on the dual antioxidant and antibacterial properties of parsley (Petroselinum crispum) and cilantro (Coriandrum sativum) extracts","volume":"97","author":"Wong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-1573(200008)14:5<362::AID-PTR554>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"Free radical scavenging and membrane protective effects of methanol extracts from Anthriscus cerefolium L.(Hoffm.) and Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Nym. ex AW Hill","volume":"14","author":"Fejes","year":"2000","journal-title":"Phytother. Res."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/S0254-6272(14)60018-2","article-title":"Parsley: A review of ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities","volume":"33","author":"Farzaei","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Chin. Med."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2021.112205","article-title":"Immune response and susceptibility of Nile tilapia fish to Aeromonas hydrophila infection following the exposure to Bifenthrin and\/or supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil","volume":"216","author":"Farag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Teletchea, F. (2019). Fish Domestication: An Overview. Anim. Domest., 69\u201390.","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.86783"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"738102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2022.738102","article-title":"Milk thistle and co-enzyme Q10 fortified diets lessen the nickel chloride-induced neurotoxic and neurobehavioral impairments in Oreochromis niloticus via regulating the oxidative stress response, acetylcholinesterase activity, and brain nickel content","volume":"553","author":"Khalil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2014.01.019","article-title":"Pathogenecity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Oreochromis mossambicus and treatment using lime oil nanoemulsion","volume":"116","author":"Thomas","year":"2014","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2006.08.005","article-title":"Characterisation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from freshwater culture systems","volume":"162","author":"Tripathy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","unstructured":"National Research Council (2011). Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp, National Academies Press."},{"key":"ref_28","unstructured":"AOAC (2006). Official Methods of Analysis, AOAC. [18th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Bain, B.J., Bates, I., Laffan, M.A., and Lewis, S.M. (2016). Dacie and Lewis Practical Hamatology: Expert Consult: Online and Print, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_30","unstructured":"Burtis, C.A., and Ashwood, E.R. (1994). Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry, American Association for Clinical Chemistry."},{"key":"ref_31","unstructured":"Wenger, C., Kaplan, A., Rubaltelli, F., and Hammerman, C. (1984). Alkaline phosphatase. Clinical Chemistry, The C.V. Mosby Co."},{"key":"ref_32","unstructured":"Kaplan, L.A., and Pesce, A.J. (1984). Aspartate aminotransferase. Clinical Chemistry. Theory, Analysis and Correlation, CV Mosby Company."},{"key":"ref_33","first-page":"1117","article-title":"Lactate dehydrogenase","volume":"438","author":"Kaplan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clinical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.9.1866","article-title":"Automated enzymatic method for determining ammonia in plasma with 14 day stability","volume":"34","author":"Neely","year":"1988","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-8981(66)90290-7","article-title":"Improved micro-method for determination of serum bilirubin","volume":"13","author":"Martinen","year":"1966","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"ref_36","first-page":"1","article-title":"Laboratory considerations: Determination of cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and other lipids in blood and tissues","volume":"10","author":"Naito","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lab. Res. Methods Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/29.8.1494","article-title":"Enzymic creatinine assay: A new colorimetric method based on hydrogen peroxide measurement","volume":"29","author":"Fossati","year":"1983","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_38","unstructured":"Kaplan, A., and Glucose, K.A. (1984). Clinical Chemistry, CV Mosby Company."},{"key":"ref_39","first-page":"101","article-title":"Lysozyme assays","volume":"1","author":"Ellis","year":"1990","journal-title":"Tech. Fish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_40","first-page":"414","article-title":"The determination of nitrite in water","volume":"86","author":"Dumock","year":"1961","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(84)05016-3","article-title":"Catalase in vitro","volume":"Volume 105","author":"Aebi","year":"1984","journal-title":"Methods in Enzymology"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-291X(72)80218-3","article-title":"The occurrence of superoxide anion in the reaction of reduced phenazine methosulfate and molecular oxygen","volume":"46","author":"Nishikimi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(78)90342-1","article-title":"Determination of malonaldehyde precursor in tissues by thiobarbituric acid test","volume":"86","author":"Uchiyama","year":"1978","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"158","article-title":"Studies on the quantitative and qualitative characterization of erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase","volume":"70","author":"Paglia","year":"1967","journal-title":"J. Lab. Clin. Med."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2005.01.008","article-title":"Effects of cyclophosphamide on the immune system and disease resistance of Asian catfish Clarias batrachus","volume":"19","author":"Kumari","year":"2005","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00350923","article-title":"Electrophoretic studies of serum proteins of four Tilapia species (Pisces)","volume":"8","author":"Badawi","year":"1971","journal-title":"Mar. Biol."},{"key":"ref_48","unstructured":"Meyers, T.R. (2009). Standard necropsy procedures for finfish, NWFHS Laboratory Procedures Manual."},{"key":"ref_49","unstructured":"Suvarna, K.S., Layton, C., and Bancroft, J.D. (2018). Bancroft\u2019s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques E-Book, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2761.1999.00134.x","article-title":"Histopathology in fish: Proposal for a protocol to assess aquatic pollution","volume":"22","author":"Bernet","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Fish Dis."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1293\/tox.2016-0039","article-title":"Lethal and sublethal effects of a methomyl-based insecticide in Hoplobatrachus rugulosus","volume":"30","author":"Trachantong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.02.050","article-title":"Ameliorative effects of Moringa oleifera seeds and leaves on chlorpyrifos-induced growth retardation, immune suppression, oxidative stress, and DNA damage in Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"505","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2020.735370","article-title":"Rosemary leaf powder\u2013supplemented diet enhances performance, antioxidant properties, immune status, and resistance against bacterial diseases in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"526","author":"Naiel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_54","first-page":"131","article-title":"Growth Performance and Biochemical Parametersof Broiler Chickens on Diets Consist of Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and Nettle (Urtica dioica) with or without Multi-Enzyme","volume":"3","author":"Safamehr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_55","first-page":"241","article-title":"Effects of using parsley or its by-product with or without enzyme supplementation on performance of growing Japanese quails","volume":"29","author":"Bahnas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Egypt. Poult. Sci"},{"key":"ref_56","first-page":"63","article-title":"The effect of using parsley (petroselinum sativum) on growth performance of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio)","volume":"8","author":"Mooraki","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Aquac. Dev."},{"key":"ref_57","first-page":"178","article-title":"Protective effect of antioxidant medicinal herbs, rosemary and parsley, on subacute aflatoxicosis in Oreochromis niloticus","volume":"4","author":"Mehrim","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105715","article-title":"Neurobehavioral, physiological and inflammatory impairments in response to bifenthrin intoxication in Oreochromis niloticus fish: Role of dietary supplementation with Petroselinum crispum essential oil","volume":"231","author":"Farag","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107058","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2021.107058","article-title":"Acute toxicity of methomyl commercial formulation induces morphological and behavioral changes in larval zebrafish (Danio rerio)","volume":"89","author":"Jablonski","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurotoxicol. Teratol."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12993-016-0090-3","article-title":"Effect of parsley (Petroselinum crispum, Apiaceae) juice against cadmium neurotoxicity in albino mice (Mus musculus)","volume":"12","author":"Maodaa","year":"2016","journal-title":"Behav. Brain Funct."},{"key":"ref_61","first-page":"1864","article-title":"Pesticides impact on protein in fish (Oreochromis mossambicus) tissues","volume":"46","author":"Naqvi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J. Mar. Sci."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"52","article-title":"Malathion toxicity: Effect on some metabolic activities in Oreochromis niloticus, the Tilapia Fish","volume":"2","author":"Fahmy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Biosci. Biochem. Bioinform."},{"key":"ref_63","first-page":"325","article-title":"Impacts of malathion on mortality and biochemical changes of freshwater fish Labeo rohita","volume":"8","author":"Thenmozhi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Iran. J. Environ. Health Sci. Eng."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.09.018","article-title":"Multi-faceted integrated omics analysis revealed parsley (Petroselinum crispum) as a novel dietary intervention in dextran sodium sulphate induced colitic mice","volume":"11","author":"Jia","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105406","article-title":"Melamine and curcumin enriched diets modulate the haemato-immune response, growth performance, oxidative stress, disease resistance, and cytokine production in oreochromis niloticus","volume":"220","author":"Ebraheim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2019.109890","article-title":"Effect of hexavalent chromium exposure on the liver and kidney tissues related to the expression of CYP450 and GST genes of Oreochromis niloticus fish: Role of curcumin supplemented diet","volume":"188","author":"Mohamed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquaculture.2019.02.004","article-title":"Palliative effects of zinc sulfate against the immunosuppressive, hepato- and nephrotoxic impacts of nonylphenol in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"504","author":"Mohamed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aquaculture"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105494","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2020.105494","article-title":"Inorganic mercury and dietary safe feed additives enriched diet impacts on growth, immunity, tissue bioaccumulation, and disease resistance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"224","author":"Ayyat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1007\/s10311-018-00852-y","article-title":"Biomarkers of pyrethroid toxicity in fish","volume":"17","author":"Ullah","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.21608\/ejhm.2000.11018","article-title":"Carbamate Toxicity and Protective effect ofvit. A and vit. E on some biochemicalaspects of male albino rats","volume":"1","author":"Zaahkouk","year":"2000","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Hosp. Med."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2015.01.014","article-title":"Effects of atrazine and chlorpyrifos on oxidative stress-induced autophagy in the immune organs of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)","volume":"44","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.3923\/rjet.2012.160.168","article-title":"Adverse Haematological and biochemical effects of certain","volume":"6","author":"Mossa","year":"2012","journal-title":"Res. J. Environ. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2109.2007.01883.x","article-title":"Lysozyme: An important defence molecule of fish innate immune system","volume":"39","author":"Saurabh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aquac. Res."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fsi.2004.09.006","article-title":"Innate immunity of fish (overview)","volume":"20","year":"2006","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1006\/fsim.2001.0408","article-title":"The complement system in teleosts","volume":"12","author":"Holland","year":"2002","journal-title":"Fish Shellfish Immunol."},{"key":"ref_76","first-page":"1318","article-title":"Evaluation of immunomodulatory effects of lactic acid bacteria in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)","volume":"9","author":"Villamil","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_77","first-page":"113","article-title":"Effects of low concentration of cadmium on the level of lysozyme in serum, leukocyte count and phagocytic index in Cyprinus carpio under the wintering conditions","volume":"5","author":"Ghiasi","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Fish. Aquat. Sci."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-305X(96)00032-8","article-title":"Immunogenetics of disease resistance in fish: A comparative approach","volume":"20","author":"Wiegertjes","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dev. Comp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_79","unstructured":"Graeter, L., Hertenstein, E., Accurso, C., and Labiner, G. (2014). Elsevier\u2019s Medical Laboratory Science Examination Review, Elsevier Health Sciences."},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"67","article-title":"Histological and biochemical changes in the liver of albino mice on exposure to insecticide, carbosulfan","volume":"4","author":"Kaliwal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Casp. J. Environ. Sci."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"429","article-title":"Response of broiler chicks performance to partial dietary inclusion of Radish, Rocket and Parsley cakes","volume":"24","author":"Osman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Egypt. Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.21608\/ejrs.2013.54323","article-title":"Effects of dietary ginseng or parsley supplementation in diets of growing rabbits raised under two different caged design systems","volume":"23","author":"Hassanien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Rabbit Sci."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2003.10.048","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure of 2,4-dichlorophenol on the antioxidant system in liver of freshwater fish Carassius auratus","volume":"55","author":"Zhang","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/15287394.2013.825893","article-title":"Effects of chronic exposure of methomyl on the antioxidant system in kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and recovery pattern","volume":"76","author":"Meng","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Toxicol. Environ. Health Part A"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-006-9066-7","article-title":"\u201cSpicing up\u201d of the immune system by curcumin","volume":"27","author":"Jagetia","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06182.x","article-title":"Free radicals and antioxidants in the year 2000: A historical look to the future","volume":"899","author":"Gutteridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233709349829","article-title":"Effects of methomyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: In vitro studies","volume":"25","author":"Mansour","year":"2009","journal-title":"Toxicol. Ind. Health"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.05.005","article-title":"Ascorbic acid reduces gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats through the control of reactive oxygen species","volume":"33","author":"Moreira","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1021\/jf802993s","article-title":"Polyphenol extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa Linnaeus attenuate nephropathy in experimental type 1 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1076\/phbi.39.3.170.5937","article-title":"Plants used in urinary pathologies in the Canary Islands","volume":"39","author":"Darias","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pharm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aquatox.2021.105828","article-title":"Adsorptivity of mercury on magnetite nano-particles and their influences on growth, economical, hemato-biochemical, histological parameters and bioaccumulation in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)","volume":"235","author":"Mahboub","year":"2021","journal-title":"Aquat. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7613.43162","article-title":"Effect of methomyl on hepatic mixed function oxidases in rats","volume":"40","author":"Patil","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)33240-X","article-title":"Binding of synthetic oligosaccharides to the hepatic Gal\/GalNAc lectin. Dependence on fine structural features","volume":"258","author":"Lee","year":"1983","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_94","first-page":"268","article-title":"Role of nicotinic acid in mitigating methomyl induced acute toxicity in albino rats","volume":"6","author":"Hashish","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Exp. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6193","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules15096193","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of celery and parsley juices in rats treated with doxorubicin","volume":"15","author":"Kolarovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref_96","first-page":"1577","article-title":"The antiurolithiasic and hepatocurative activities of aqueous extracts of Petroselinum sativum on ethylene glycol-induced kidney calculi in rats","volume":"7","author":"Jafar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sci. Res. Essays"},{"key":"ref_97","first-page":"3098745","article-title":"Comparison between the hypolipidemic activity of parsley and carob in hypercholesterolemic male rats","volume":"2017","year":"2017","journal-title":"BioMed Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.5455\/jice.20160124113555","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of parsley, basil, and chicory aqueous extracts against dexamethasone-induced in experimental rats","volume":"5","author":"Soliman","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Intercult. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2006.03.006","article-title":"Gill and kidney histopathology in the freshwater fish Cyprinus carpio after acute exposure to deltamethrin","volume":"22","author":"Cengiz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_100","first-page":"3","article-title":"Pharmaceutical and formulation aspects of Petroselinum crispum extract","volume":"82","author":"Ruszkai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Acta Pharm. Hung."},{"key":"ref_101","first-page":"5","article-title":"Protective effect of some plants against the toxicity of kidneys caused by gentamicin","volume":"3","author":"Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Med. Sci. Res."},{"key":"ref_102","first-page":"2","article-title":"A Review on Feed Additives used in Fish Diet","volume":"6","author":"Yadav","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Agric. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lie, \u00d8. (2008). 22\u2014Monitoring and surveillance to improve farmed fish safety. Improving Farmed Fish Quality and Safety, Woodhead Publishing.","DOI":"10.1533\/9781845694620"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/6\/1185\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T23:32:54Z","timestamp":1760139174000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/6\/1185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"references-count":103,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox11061185"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11061185","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]}}}