{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T09:34:24Z","timestamp":1789464864652,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656115200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20F20093"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20F20093"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20H03001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20H03001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Blood-feeding arthropods, particularly ticks and mosquitoes are considered the most important vectors of arthropod-borne diseases affecting humans and animals. While feeding on blood meals, arthropods are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) since heme and other blood components can induce oxidative stress. Different ROS have important roles in interactions among the pathogens, vectors, and hosts. ROS influence various metabolic processes of the arthropods and some have detrimental effects. In this review, we investigate the various roles of ROS in these arthropods, including their innate immunity and the homeostasis of their microbiomes, that is, how ROS are utilized to maintain the balance between the natural microbiota and potential pathogens. We elucidate the mechanism of how ROS are utilized to fight off invading pathogens and how the arthropod-borne pathogens use the arthropods\u2019 antioxidant mechanism to defend against these ROS attacks and their possible impact on their vector potentials or their ability to acquire and transmit pathogens. In addition, we describe the possible roles of ROS in chemical insecticide\/acaricide activity and\/or in the development of resistance. Overall, this underscores the importance of the antioxidant system as a potential target for the control of arthropod and arthropod-borne pathogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]],"date-time":"2022-06-25T10:39:13Z","timestamp":1656153553000},"page":"1254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Ambivalent Roles of Oxidative Stress in Triangular Relationships among Arthropod Vectors, Pathogens and Hosts"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Emmanuel Pacia","family":"Hernandez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7350-3093","authenticated-orcid":false,"family":"Anisuzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Abdul","family":"Alim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayato","family":"Kawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kofi Dadzie","family":"Kwofie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9265-4367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danielle","family":"Ladzekpo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra P.O. Box LG 581, Ghana"},{"name":"Department of Environmental Parasitology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuki","family":"Koike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fusako","family":"Mikami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makoto","family":"Matsubayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Immunology, Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano 598-8531, Osaka, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1756-924X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naotoshi","family":"Tsuji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Hatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, Kitasato University School of Medicine, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Science, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.28.2.1904","article-title":"Vector-borne diseases","volume":"28","author":"Gubler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev. 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