{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T10:57:39Z","timestamp":1773745059475,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656460800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CNPq","award":["302584\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302584\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"]}]},{"name":"CNPq","award":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["302584\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302584\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["302584\/2018-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["302584\/2018-8"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/202.516\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/203.079\/2016"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/211.399\/2019"]}]},{"name":"FAPERJ","award":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["E-26\/010.002142\/2019"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of annatto pigments has been evaluated as a therapeutic strategy in animal models of several health disorders. Beneficial effects were generally attributed to the inhibition of oxidative stress. Bixin is the main pigment present in annatto seeds and has emerged as an important scavenger of reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen species (RNS). However, this carotenoid is highly hydrophobic, affecting its therapeutic applicability. Therefore, bixin represents an attractive target for nanotechnology to improve its pharmacokinetic parameters. In this study, we prepared bixin nanoparticles (npBX) and evaluated if they could prevent pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress induced by cigarette smoke (CS). C57BL\/6 mice were exposed to CS and treated daily (by gavage) with different concentrations of npBX (6, 12 and 18%) or blank nanoparticles (npBL, 18%). The negative control group was sham smoked and received 18% npBL. On day 6, the animals were euthanized, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as lungs, were collected for analysis. CS exposure led to an increase in ROS and nitrite production, which was absent in animals treated with npBX. In addition, npBX treatment significantly reduced leukocyte numbers and TNF-\u03b1 levels in the BALF of CS-exposed mice, and it strongly inhibited CS-induced increases in MDA and PNK in lung homogenates. Interestingly, npBX protective effects against oxidative stress seemed not to act via Nrf2 activation in the CS + npBX 18% group. In conclusion, npBX prevented oxidative stress and acute lung inflammation in a murine model of CS-induced acute lung inflammation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11071293","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]],"date-time":"2022-06-29T20:47:56Z","timestamp":1656535676000},"page":"1293","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Treatment with Bixin-Loaded Polymeric Nanoparticles Prevents Cigarette Smoke-Induced Acute Lung Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4091-5865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexsandro Tavares","family":"Figueiredo-Junior","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1868-9905","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel Santos","family":"Valen\u00e7a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Priscilla Vanessa","family":"Finotelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Produtos Naturais e Alimentos da Faculdade de Farm\u00e1cia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisca de F\u00e1tima dos","family":"Anjos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lycia","family":"de Brito-Gitirana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8019-628X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina Maeda","family":"Takiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Biof\u00edsica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3913-608X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuella","family":"Lanzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ci\u00eancias Biom\u00e9dicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200603-089MS","article-title":"State of the art. 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