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These species contain biologically active substances with many potential beneficial effects on human health. The Pleurotus genus is representative of medicinal mushrooms because Pleurotus ostreatus is one of the most commonly cultivated culinary mushrooms. In our study, we focused on lesser-known species in the genus Pleurotus and measured their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. We prepared extracts of the mushrooms and analyzed them using HPLC\u2212HRMS, GC\u2212MS, and 1H-NMR. Significant differences in biological activities were found among the Pleurotus spp. extracts. A MeOH extract of P. flabellatus was the most active as a radical scavenger with the highest ORAC, while a chloroform extract had significant anti-inflammatory COX-2 activity. The 80% MeOH extract of P. flabellatus contained the highest amounts of ergosterol, ergothioneine, and mannitol. The 80% MeOH extract of P. ostreatus Florida was the most active in the NF-\u03baB inhibition assay and had the highest content of \u03b2-glucans (43.3% by dry weight). Given the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of P. flabellatus, the potential therapeutic usefulness of this species is worth evaluating through in-depth investigations and confirmation by clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,14]],"date-time":"2022-08-14T21:09:06Z","timestamp":1660511346000},"page":"1569","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Five Medicinal Mushrooms of the Genus Pleurotus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8135-9626","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Stastny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4387-0749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petr","family":"Marsik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-7677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Tauchen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9020-8213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matej","family":"Bozik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3831-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Mascellani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1900-0951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaroslav","family":"Havlik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0364-2247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Premysl","family":"Landa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Plant Biotechnologies, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojov\u00e1 313, 165 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Jablonsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-9981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakub","family":"Treml","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palack\u00e9ho T\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3063-0823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Petra","family":"Herczogova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Masaryk University, Palack\u00e9ho T\u0159\u00edda 1946\/1, 612 00 Brno, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1793-4187","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roman","family":"Bleha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1700-5150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andriy","family":"Synytsya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technick\u00e1 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8035-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pavel","family":"Kloucek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, The Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kam\u00fdck\u00e1 129, 165 21 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cofs.2017.04.002","article-title":"The Beneficial Role of Edible Mushrooms in Human Health","volume":"14","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. 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