{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:01:17Z","timestamp":1791385277577,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Science Research Program","award":["2021R1I1A3A04037468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A3A04037468"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Ministry of Education","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021R1I1A3A04037468"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021R1I1A3A04037468"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Listeria monocytogenes is the species of foodborne pathogenic bacteria that causes the infection listeriosis. The food production chain employs various methods to control biofilms, although none are completely successful. This study evaluates the effectiveness of quercetin as a food additive in reducing L. monocytogenes mixed cultures (ATCC19113, ATCC19117, and ATCC15313) biofilm formation on stainless steel (SS), silicon rubber (SR), and hand glove (HG) coupons, as well as tests its antimicrobial activities. With a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 250 \u00b5g\/mL, the tested quercetin exhibited the lowest bactericidal action with no visible bacterial growth. In contrast, during various experiments in this work, the inhibitory efficacy of quercetin at sub-MICs levels (1\/2, 1\/4, and 1\/8 MIC) against L. monocytogenes was examined. A control group was not added with quercetin. The current study also investigates the effect of quercetin on the expression of different genes engaged in motility (flaA, fbp), QS (agrA), and virulence (hlyA, prfA). Through increasing quercetin concentration, swarming and swimming motility, biofilm formation, and expression levels of target genes linked to flagella motility, virulence, and quorum-sensing were all dramatically reduced. Quercetin (0\u2013125 \u03bcg\/mL) was investigated on the SS, SR, and HG surfaces; the inhibitory effects were 0.39\u20132.07, 0.09\u20131.96 and 0.03\u20131.69 log CFU\/cm2, respectively (p &lt; 0.05). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) corroborated the findings because quercetin prevented the development of biofilms by severing cell-to-cell contacts and inducing cell lysis, which resulted in the loss of normal cell shape. Our findings suggest that plant-derived quercetin should be used as an antimicrobial agent in the food industry to control the development of L. monocytogenes biofilms. These outcomes suggest that bacterial targets are of interest for biofilm reduction, with alternative natural food agents in the food sector along the entire food production chain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]],"date-time":"2022-08-31T23:53:21Z","timestamp":1661990001000},"page":"1733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"title":["The Inhibitory Effect of Quercetin on Biofilm Formation of Listeria monocytogenes Mixed Culture and Repression of Virulence"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1938-1566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pantu Kumar","family":"Roy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Gyu","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7984-2697","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shin Young","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Industry, Department of Seafood Science and Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108864","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2019.108864","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of probiotic potential lactic acid bacteria isolated from kimchi against Listeria monocytogenes biofilm on lettuce, stainless-steel surfaces, and MBEC\u2122 biofilm device","volume":"118","author":"Hossain","year":"2020","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108804","article-title":"Role of Lactobacillus biofilms in Listeria monocytogenes adhesion to glass surfaces","volume":"334","author":"Jara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. 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