{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T19:20:14Z","timestamp":1782933614524,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663027200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U.","award":["PEJ-2018-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2018-AI"]}]},{"name":"Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U.","award":["SAL-11315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAL-11315"]}]},{"name":"Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U.","award":["PEJ-2020-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2020-AI"]}]},{"name":"Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U.","award":["BMD-19155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMD-19155"]}]},{"name":"Community of Madrid","award":["PEJ-2018-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2018-AI"]}]},{"name":"Community of Madrid","award":["SAL-11315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAL-11315"]}]},{"name":"Community of Madrid","award":["PEJ-2020-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2020-AI"]}]},{"name":"Community of Madrid","award":["BMD-19155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMD-19155"]}]},{"name":"Youth Employment Program","award":["PEJ-2018-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2018-AI"]}]},{"name":"Youth Employment Program","award":["SAL-11315"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAL-11315"]}]},{"name":"Youth Employment Program","award":["PEJ-2020-AI"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PEJ-2020-AI"]}]},{"name":"Youth Employment Program","award":["BMD-19155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BMD-19155"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Carob, the fruit of Ceratonia siliqua L. exerts antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects and could be a useful strategy for the treatment and\/or prevention of metabolic syndrome (MetS). The aim of this study was to analyze whether supplementation with a carob fruit extract (CSAT+\u00ae), alone or in combination with aerobic training, accelerates the recovery of cardiometabolic health in mice with MetS subjected to a caloric restriction. For this purpose, mice were fed with a high fat (58% kcal from fat)\/high sugar diet for 23 weeks to induce MetS. During the next two weeks, mice with MetS were switched to a diet with a lower caloric content (25% kcal from fat) supplemented or not with CSAT+\u00ae (4.8%) and\/or subjected to aerobic training. Both caloric reduction and aerobic training improved the lipid profile and attenuated MetS-induced insulin resistance measured as HOMA-IR. However, only supplementation with CSAT+\u00ae enhanced body weight loss, increased the circulating levels of adiponectin, and lowered the plasma levels of IL-6. Moreover, CSAT+\u00ae supplementation was the only effective strategy to reduce the weight of epidydimal adipose tissue and to improve insulin sensitivity in the liver and in skeletal muscle. Although all interventions improved endothelial function in aorta segments, only supplementation with CSAT+\u00ae reduced obesity-induced hypertension, prevented endothelial dysfunction in mesenteric arteries, and decreased the vascular response of aorta segments to the vasoconstrictor AngII. The beneficial cardiometabolic effects of CSAT+\u00ae supplementation, alone or in combination with aerobic training, were associated with decreased mRNA levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as MCP-1, TNF\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-6 and with increased gene expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as GSR, GPX-3, and SOD-1 in the liver, gastrocnemius, retroperitoneal adipose tissue, and aorta. In conclusion, supplementation with CSAT+\u00ae, alone or in combination with aerobic training, to mice with MetS subjected to caloric restriction for two weeks enhances body weight loss, improves the lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, and exerts antihypertensive effects through its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11091803","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,13]],"date-time":"2022-09-13T21:06:52Z","timestamp":1663103212000},"page":"1803","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Carob Extract Supplementation Together with Caloric Restriction and Aerobic Training Accelerates the Recovery of Cardiometabolic Health in Mice with Metabolic Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"de la Fuente-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mario","family":"de la Fuente-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Rom\u00e1n-Carmena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5815-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Bel\u00e9n","family":"Garc\u00eda-Redondo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7232-2314","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Blanco-Rivero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9425-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Hedstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Cient\u00edfico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto E.","family":"Espinel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"R&D Department, Pharmactive Biotech Products S.L.U., Parque Cient\u00edfico de Madrid, Calle Faraday 7, 28049 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c1ngel Lu\u00eds","family":"Garc\u00eda-Villal\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9178-8822","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriam","family":"Granado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER Fisiopatolog\u00eda de la Obesidad y Nutrici\u00f3n. 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