{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T22:35:32Z","timestamp":1790202932597,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664323200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-0241-11"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-0241-11"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-15-0376"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-15-0376"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005357","name":"the Slovak Research and Development Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APVV-19-0317"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APVV-19-0317"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005357","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver pathology affecting around 25% of the population worldwide. Excess oxidative stress, inflammation and aberrant cellular signaling can lead to this hepatic dysfunction and eventual carcinoma. Molecular hydrogen has been recognized for its selective antioxidant properties and ability to attenuate inflammation and regulate cellular function. We administered hydrogen-rich water (HRW) to 30 subjects with NAFLD in a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled manner for eight weeks. Phenotypically, we observed beneficial trends (p &gt; 0.05) in decreased weight (\u22481 kg) and body mass index in the HRW group. HRW was well-tolerated, with no significant changes in liver enzymes and a trend of improved lipid profile and reduced lactate dehydrogenase levels. HRW tended to non-significantly decrease levels of nuclear factor kappa B, heat shock protein 70 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. Interestingly, there was a mild, albeit non-significant, tendency of increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2\u2019-deoxyguanosine and malondialdehyde in the HRW group. This mild increase may be indicative of the hormetic effects of molecular hydrogen that occurred prior to the significant clinical improvements reported in previous longer-term studies. The favorable trends in this study in conjunction with previous animal and clinical findings suggest that HRW may serve as an important adjuvant therapy for promoting and maintaining optimal health and wellness. Longer term studies focused on prevention, maintenance, or treatment of NAFLD and early stages of NASH are warranted.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101935","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]],"date-time":"2022-09-28T20:58:47Z","timestamp":1664398727000},"page":"1935","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Biological Effects of Hydrogen Water on Subjects with NAFLD: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6743-491X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Branislav","family":"Kura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Szantova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyler W.","family":"LeBaron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Molecular Hydrogen Institute, Enoch, UT 84721, USA"},{"name":"Department of Kinesiology and Outdoor Recreation, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84721, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viliam","family":"Mojto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Barancik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak 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for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ludmila","family":"Okruhlicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5904-4249","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Narcisa","family":"Tribulova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5139-9213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Gvozdjakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9454-6255","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zuzana","family":"Sumbalova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jarmila","family":"Kucharska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacobiochemical Laboratory of 3rd Medical Department, Medical Faculty, Comenius University Bratislava, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xenia","family":"Faktorova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Internal Clinic of Slovak Medical University, Hospital of St. Michael, 811 08 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Jakabovicova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuzana","family":"Durkovicov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"3rd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1712-4395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Macutek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5541-1224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michaela","family":"Koscov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mathematical Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 814 73 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4217-4493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan","family":"Slezak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Experimental Medicine, Institute for Heart Research, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28431","article-title":"Global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver dis-ease-Meta-analytic assessment of prevalence, incidence, and 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