{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T15:28:11Z","timestamp":1767713291119,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo (FAPESP)","award":["#2016\/15603-0","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016\/15603-0","001"]}]},{"name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior\u2014Brasil (CAPES)","award":["#2016\/15603-0","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016\/15603-0","001"]}]},{"name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","award":["#2016\/15603-0","001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["#2016\/15603-0","001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study investigated the efficacy of aerobic exercise training (AET) in the prevention of dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), and atherogenesis induced by severe low-sodium (LS) diet. LDL receptor knockout (LDLR KO) mice were fed a low-sodium (LS) (0.15% NaCl) or normal-sodium (NS; 1.27% NaCl) diet, submitted to AET in a treadmill, 5 times\/week, 60 min\/day, 15 m\/min, for 90 days, or kept sedentary. Blood pressure (BP), plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) concentrations, lipoprotein profile, and insulin sensitivity were evaluated at the end of the AET protocol. Lipid infiltration, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1), receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), carboxymethyllysine (CML), and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) contents as well as gene expression were determined in the brachiocephalic trunk. BP and TC and gene expression were similar among groups. Compared to the NS diet, the LS diet increased vascular lipid infiltration, CML, RAGE, 4-HNE, plasma TG, LDL-cholesterol, and VLDL-TG. Conversely, the LS diet reduced vascular AT1 receptor, insulin sensitivity, HDL-cholesterol, and HDL-TG. AET prevented arterial lipid infiltration; increases in CML, RAGE, and 4-HNE contents; and reduced AT1 levels and improved LS-induced peripheral IR. The current study showed that AET counteracted the deleterious effects of chronic LS diet in an atherogenesis-prone model by ameliorating peripheral IR, lipid infiltration, CML, RAGE, 4-HNE, and AT1 receptor in the intima-media of the brachiocephalic trunk. These events occurred independently of the amelioration of plasma-lipid profile, which was negatively affected by the severe dietary-sodium restriction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T20:55:11Z","timestamp":1665694511000},"page":"2023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Aerobic Exercise Training Reduces Atherogenesis Induced by Low-Sodium Diet in LDL Receptor Knockout Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ana Paula Garcia","family":"Bochi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guilherme da Silva","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanessa","family":"Del Bianco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Ramos","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Let\u00edcia Gomes","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mayara da Silva","family":"Trevisani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luzia Naoko Shinohara","family":"Furukawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Renal Pathophysiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kely Cristina Soares","family":"Bispo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandre Alves","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Mississippi Center for Obesity Research, Cardiorenal and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Paula Pereira","family":"Velosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edna Regina","family":"Nakandakare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8237-2435","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubiratan Fabres","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 05508 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walcy Paganelli Rosolia","family":"Teodoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology Division of the Hospital das Clinicas, University of S\u00e3o Paulo Medical School, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9249-4698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marisa","family":"Passarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"},{"name":"Programa de P\u00f3s-Gradua\u00e7\u00e3o em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), S\u00e3o Paulo 01525 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Catanozi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio de Lipides (LIM-10), Hospital das Clinicas (HCFMUSP) da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo 01246 000, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2018.05.017","article-title":"Dietary sodium, sodium-to-potassium ratio, and risk of stroke: A systematic review and nonlinear dose-response 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