{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:47Z","timestamp":1787027507908,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1666224000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Advanced Ag Products (Canton, SD, USA)"},{"name":"North Carolina Agricultural Foundation (Raleigh, NC, USA)"},{"name":"USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Hatch #02893)"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the effects of phytobiotics on the intestinal health and growth performance of pigs. Totals of 40 newly-weaned pigs with 6.4 \u00b1 0.3 kg BW (Exp. 1) and 120 growing pigs with 27.9 \u00b1 2.3 kg BW (Exp. 2) were allotted in RCBD in a 2 \u00d7 2 factorial arrangement. The factors were: antibiotics as growth promoter (AGP) and phytobiotics (PHY). Pigs were fed experimental diets during 21 d (Exp. 1) and 42 d (Exp. 2). Growth performance, health parameters, and nutrient digestibility were evaluated. In Exp. 1, AGP diet increased (p &lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared with a diet without AGP or PHY and a diet with AGP combined with PHY. PHY decreased (p &lt; 0.05) TNF-\u03b1 and IgG in the jejunum and protein carbonyl in plasma, whereas it increased (p &lt; 0.05) the villus height. In Exp. 2, AGP or PHY diets increased (p &lt; 0.05) ADG, ADFI, and G:F compared with a diet without AGP or PHY and a diet with AGP combined with PHY. PHY decreased (p &lt; 0.05) IgG and PC in plasma. Collectively, AGP and PHY improved growth performance by reducing oxidative stress and enhancing immune status and jejunal morphology. However, the combinational use of phytobiotics with antibiotics suppressed their effect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11102066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]],"date-time":"2022-10-20T20:35:55Z","timestamp":1666298155000},"page":"2066","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Phytobiotics from Oregano Extracts Enhance the Intestinal Health and Growth Performance of Pigs"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0094-336X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marcos Elias","family":"Duarte","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4591-1943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.2527\/jas1955.142492x","article-title":"Supplementary protein and the response of the pig to antibiotics","volume":"14","author":"Becker","year":"1955","journal-title":"J. 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