{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T22:17:05Z","timestamp":1792793825407,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]],"date-time":"2022-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/01258-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/01258-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2017\/04138-8"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017\/04138-8"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Skin wound healing is a complex process that requires the mutual work of cellular and molecular agents to promote tissue restoration. In order to improve such a process, especially in cases of impaired healing (e.g., diabetic ulcer, chronic wounds), there is a search for substances with healing properties and low toxicity: two features that some natural products\u2014such as the bee product named propolis\u2014exhibit. Propolis is a resinous substance obtained from plant resins and exudates with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumoral activities, among other biological ones. Based on the previously reported healing actions of different types of propolis, the Brazilian red propolis (BRP) was tested for this matter. A skin wound excision model in male Wistar rats was performed using two topical formulations with 1% red propolis as treatments: hydroalcoholic extract and Paste. Macroscopical, histological and immunohistochemical analysis were performed, revealing that red propolis enhanced wound contraction, epithelialization, reduced crust formation, and modulated the distribution of healing associated factors, mainly collagen I, collagen III, MMP-9, TGF-\u03b23 and VEGF. Biochemical analysis with the antioxidants SOD, MPO, GSH and GR showed that propolis acts similarly to the positive control, collagenase, increasing these molecules\u2019 activity. These results suggest that BRP promotes enhanced wound healing by modulating growth factors and antioxidant molecules related to cutaneous wound healing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,7]],"date-time":"2022-11-07T02:43:51Z","timestamp":1667789031000},"page":"2188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Histological, Immunohistochemical and Antioxidant Analysis of Skin Wound Healing Influenced by the Topical Application of Brazilian Red Propolis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Mariana","family":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas Fernando S\u00e9rgio","family":"Gushiken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0736-1899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennyfer Andrea","family":"Aldana-Mej\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1063-3026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matheus Hikaru","family":"Tanimoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcos Vital de S\u00e1","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreia Cristina Miranda","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina Naomi","family":"Miyashita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jairo Kenupp","family":"Bastos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0498-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando Pereira","family":"Beserra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"},{"name":"School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, University of S\u00e3o Paulo (USP), Ribeir\u00e3o Preto 14040-903, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia Helena","family":"Pellizzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biosciences, S\u00e3o Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1159\/000454919","article-title":"Skin Wound Healing: An Update on the Current Knowledge and Concepts","volume":"58","author":"Sorg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. 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