{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,10]],"date-time":"2026-04-10T23:11:13Z","timestamp":1775862673485,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]],"date-time":"2022-11-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668124800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","award":["VSVH-11005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VSVH-11005"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","award":["VSVH-11006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VSVH-11006"]}]},{"name":"Taipei Veterans General Hospital","award":["MOST 110-2314-B-A49A-552-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2314-B-A49A-552-MY3"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VSVH-11005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VSVH-11005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["VSVH-11006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VSVH-11006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004663","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2314-B-A49A-552-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2314-B-A49A-552-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004663","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hydralazine is a traditional antihypertensive drug that was developed several decades ago. Its most well-known effect is blood pressure lowering by arterial vasodilation. While mainly used an adjunct treatment for clinical hypertension or chronic heart failure, this old drug has also shown potential as a repurposing drug for the atherosclerosis vascular disease and various kidney diseases. Recent experimental studies suggest that hydralazine exerts antioxidative, anti-apoptotic, and HIF-1\u03b1 stabilization effects for angiogenesis and vascular protection. Hydralazine also exerts reno-protective effects via its antioxidation, DNA demethylation, and anti-inflammation abilities. The above evidence provides advanced rationales for new applications of this drug beyond blood pressure lowering and arterial vasodilation. Here, we summarized the recent experimental advances in the use of hydralazine for either a vascular disease or kidney diseases, or both. Given the wide populations of people with cardiovascular and\/or kidney diseases, future studies are worth validating the potential impacts of hydralazine on the clinical outcomes in selected patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112224","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T02:34:58Z","timestamp":1668393298000},"page":"2224","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Potential Impacts of Hydralazine as a Novel Antioxidant on Cardiovascular and Renal Disease\u2014Beyond Vasodilation and Blood Pressure Lowering"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaw-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department and Institute of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"},{"name":"Healthcare and Services Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112201, Taiwan"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 112304, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-5876-4-10","article-title":"Hydralazine target: From blood vessels to the epigenome","volume":"4","author":"Arce","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. 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