{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T13:22:52Z","timestamp":1778851372129,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","award":["TCRD-108-19"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCRD-108-19"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Supplementing with vitamin B3 has been reported to protect against retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage events and exhibit multiple neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of optic nerve injury. In this study, a rat model of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was used to assess the neuroprotective benefits of vitamin B3 (rAION). Vitamin B3 (500 mg\/kg\/day) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered to the rAION-induced rats every day for 28 days. The vitamin B3-treated group had significantly higher first positive and second negative peak (P1-N2) amplitudes of flash visual-evoked potentials and RGC densities than the PBS-treated group (p &lt; 0.05). A terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay conducted on vitamin B3-treated rats revealed a significant reduction in apoptotic cells (p &lt; 0.05). Superoxide dismutase and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance activity showed that vitamin B3 treatment decreased reactive oxygen species (p &lt; 0.05). Therefore, vitamin B3 supplementation preserves vision in rAION-induced rats by reducing oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122422","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]],"date-time":"2022-12-08T03:35:53Z","timestamp":1670470553000},"page":"2422","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Vitamin B3 Provides Neuroprotection via Antioxidative Stress in a Rat Model of Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Tu-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Po-Ying","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Tseng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tushar Dnyaneshwar","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8494-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Te","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6417-4363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei-Kang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong-Kung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"Pain in anterior ischemic optic neuropathy","volume":"15","author":"Swartz","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. 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