{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:55:09Z","timestamp":1792788909860,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32072237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072237"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFD0400302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0400302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["32072237"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32072237"]}]},{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFD0400302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFD0400302"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natural antioxidants derived from agricultural by-products have great promise and ecological advantages in the treatment of oxidative stress-related diseases. The eggshell membrane (ESM) from hatched eggs, i.e., the hatched ESM, is a globally abundant agricultural byproduct, and its high-value utilization has been rarely studied compared to the well-studied ESM from fresh eggs. In this research, we systematically characterized the hatched ESM as a novel source of antioxidant hydrolysates and explored their potential role in H2O2-induced human chondrocytes. The results showed that the hatched ESM is a protein-rich fibrous mesh material with a significantly different structure and composition from those of fresh ESM. Enzymatic hydrolysis of hatched ESM can produce antioxidant hydrolysates rich in low molecular weight (MW) peptides, which mainly derived from the Lysyl oxidase homolog by Nano-LC-MS\/MS analysis. The peptide fraction with MW &lt; 3 kDa (HEMH-I) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging, Fe2+-chelating, and Fe3+-reducing abilities. In H2O2-induced human SW1353 chondrocytes, HEMH-I treatment significantly increased the cell viability and ameliorated oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and cartilage matrix degradation by reducing the level of ROS, matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP3), MMP13, and IL-6, and by promoting the expression of SOD and type II collagen, potentially through activating the cellular Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for the value-added application of hatched ESM waste to produce antioxidant hydrolysates and indicates their potential as functional food and pharmaceuticals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122428","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]],"date-time":"2022-12-09T03:59:46Z","timestamp":1670558386000},"page":"2428","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Hatched Eggshell Membrane Can Be a Novel Source of Antioxidant Hydrolysates to Protect against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Chondrocytes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Lingjiao","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"National R&D Branch Center for Egg Processing, Jingmen 431800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meihu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong Uk","family":"Ahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Science Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IO 50011, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincent","family":"Guyonnet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"FFI Consulting, Limited, 2488 Lyn Road, Brockville, ON K6V 5T3, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Limei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National R&D Branch Center for Egg Processing, Jingmen 431800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuting","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National R&D Branch Center for Egg Processing, Jingmen 431800, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qin","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanguo","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7380-8236","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110452","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110452","article-title":"Oxidative stress and inflammation in osteoarthritis pathogenesis: Role of polyphenols","volume":"129","author":"Ansari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.02.026","article-title":"Advances in the activity evaluation and cellular regulation pathways of food-derived antioxidant peptides","volume":"122","author":"Lv","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, E., Lee, H., and Jeong, G. (2020). Cudratricusxanthone O Inhibits HO-Induced Cell Damage by Activating Nrf2\/HO-1 Pathway in Human Chondrocytes. Antioxidants, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9090788"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.04.083","article-title":"Oxidative stress in osteoarthritis and antioxidant effect of polysaccharide from angelica sinensis","volume":"115","author":"Zhuang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jddst.2017.04.032","article-title":"Towards the antioxidant therapy in Osteoarthritis: Contribution of nanotechnology","volume":"42","author":"Rabasco","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10513","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.102474","article-title":"Astaxanthin protects against osteoarthritis via Nrf2: A guardian of cartilage homeostasis","volume":"11","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0908-7","article-title":"Targeting oxidative stress to reduce osteoarthritis","volume":"18","author":"Poulet","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arthritis Res. Ther."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.09.019","article-title":"Plant protein-derived antioxidant peptides: Isolation, identification, mechanism of action and application in food systems: A review","volume":"105","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2711","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14182","article-title":"Osteoarthritis-alleviating effects in papain-induced model rats of chicken cartilage hydrolysate and its peptide fractions","volume":"54","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.6752","article-title":"A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, clinical study on the effectiveness of collagen peptide on osteoarthritis","volume":"95","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Sci. Food Agric."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.10.009","article-title":"Channelling eggshell waste to valuable and utilizable products: A comprehensive review","volume":"106","author":"Waheed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110563","article-title":"A review on recent advances of egg byproducts: Preparation, functional properties, biological activities and food applications","volume":"147","author":"Xiao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.132270","article-title":"High value applications and current commercial market for eggshell membranes and derived bioactives","volume":"382","author":"Kulshreshtha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-017-2530-y","article-title":"Production and characterization of functional properties of protein hydrolysates from egg shell membranes by lactic acid bacteria fermentation","volume":"54","author":"Jain","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci. Technol-Mysore"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Q.C., Zhao, J.Y., Ahn, D.U., Jin, Y.G., and Huang, X. (2019). Separation and Identification of Highly Efficient Antioxidant Peptides from Eggshell Membrane. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100495"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12137","DOI":"10.1021\/jf101728d","article-title":"Chemiluminescence Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Prevention of DNA Damage Effect of Peptides Isolated from Soluble Eggshell Membrane Protein Hydrolysate","volume":"58","author":"Huang","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.08.017","article-title":"Peptides derived from eggshell membrane improve antioxidant enzyme activity and glutathione synthesis against oxidative damage in Caco-2 cells","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.3390\/su3010216","article-title":"Handling and Treatment of Poultry Hatchery Waste: A Review","volume":"3","author":"Glatz","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sustainability"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.3923\/ijps.2011.908.912","article-title":"A Review of the uses of poultry eggshells and shell membranes","volume":"10","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2021.130777","article-title":"The use of eggshell membrane for the treatment of dye-containing wastewater: Batch, kinetics and reusability studies","volume":"281","author":"Saratale","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.08.014","article-title":"Quantitative proteomics analysis of eggshell membrane proteins during chick embryonic development","volume":"130","author":"Cordeiro","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1186\/s12953-017-0112-6","article-title":"Protein profiles of hatchery egg shell membrane","volume":"15","author":"Rath","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proteome Sci."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2017.01.002","article-title":"In-depth comparative analysis of the chicken eggshell membrane proteome","volume":"155","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111266","article-title":"Identification and molecular mechanisms of novel antioxidant peptides from two sources of eggshell membrane hydrolysates showing cytoprotection against oxidative stress: A combined in silico and in vitro study","volume":"157","author":"Zhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sykiotis, G.P. (2021). Keap1\/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10060828"},{"key":"ref_26","unstructured":"AOAC (2005). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Association of Official Analytical Chemists. [19th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2021.129691","article-title":"The structural characteristic of acidic-hydrolyzed corn silk polysaccharides and its protection on the HO-injured intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"356","author":"Jia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125960","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.125960","article-title":"The necessity of walnut proteolysis based on evaluation after in vitro simulated digestion: ACE inhibition and DPPH radical-scavenging activities","volume":"311","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5772","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b01235","article-title":"Purification and Characterization of Antioxidant Peptides from Alcalase-Hydrolyzed Soybean (Glycine max L.) Hydrolysate and Their Cytoprotective Effects in Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells","volume":"67","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang, B., Skonberg, D.I., and Myracle, A.D. (2020). Anti-Hyperglycemic Effects of Green Crab Hydrolysates Derived by Commercially Available Enzymes. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9030258"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17137","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.103657","article-title":"The protective effects of dehydrocostus lactone against TNF-\u03b1-induced degeneration of extracellular matrix (ECM) in SW1353 cells","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aging"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.01.057","article-title":"Optimization of extraction of functional protein hydrolysates from chicken egg shell membrane (ESM) by ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE) and enzymatic hydrolysis","volume":"69","author":"Jain","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT-Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2016.09.069","article-title":"Effects of ultrasound pre-treatment on the structure of \u03b2-conglycinin and glycinin and the antioxidant activity of their hydrolysates","volume":"218","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biosystemseng.2016.10.014","article-title":"Eggshell membrane: Review and impact on engineering","volume":"151","author":"Park","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biosyst. Eng."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shi, Y., Zhou, K., Li, D., Guyonnet, V., Hincke, M.T., and Mine, Y. (2021). Avian Eggshell Membrane as a Novel Biomaterial: A Review. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10092178"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2015.01.002","article-title":"Novel identification of matrix proteins involved in calcitic biomineralization","volume":"116","author":"Smiley","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteom."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2018.04.006","article-title":"New zonal structure and transition of the membrane to mammillae in the eggshell of chicken Gallus domesticus","volume":"203","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2008.04.008","article-title":"Ultrastructural matrix-mineral relationships in avian eggshell, and effects of osteopontin on calcite growth in vitro","volume":"163","author":"Chien","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1002\/jez.1401980207","article-title":"The development of the oxygen permeability of the avian egg shell and its membranes during incubation","volume":"198","author":"Lomholt","year":"1976","journal-title":"J. Exp. Zool."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsb.2015.04.014","article-title":"Amorphous calcium carbonate controls avian eggshell mineralization: A new paradigm for understanding rapid eggshell calcification","volume":"190","author":"Marie","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Struct. Biol."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2018.10.054","article-title":"Processed eggshell membrane powder: Bioinspiration for an innovative wound healing product","volume":"95","author":"Ahmed","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mater. Sci. Eng. C"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127059","article-title":"Purification and identification of novel antioxidant peptides from watermelon seed protein hydrolysates and their cytoprotective effects on H2O2-induced oxidative stress","volume":"327","author":"Wen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","first-page":"88","article-title":"Functional properties and amino acid composition of cashew nut protein","volume":"37","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Technol. Food Ind."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s10930-013-9487-0","article-title":"Solubilization and identification of hen eggshell membrane proteins during different times of chicken embryo development using the proteomic approach","volume":"32","author":"Kaweewong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Protein J."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2020.02.012","article-title":"Advances on the antioxidant peptides from edible plant sources","volume":"99","author":"Wong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.127350","article-title":"Biological and functional properties of peptide fractions obtained from collagen hydrolysate derived from mixed by-products of different fish species","volume":"331","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.01.001","article-title":"Investigation on antioxidant, angiotensin converting enzyme and dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitory activity of Bambara bean protein hydrolysates","volume":"250","author":"Mune","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piotrowicz, I.B.B., Garces-Rimon, M., Moreno-Fernandez, S., Aleixandre, A., Salas-Mellado, M., and Miguel-Castro, M. (2020). Antioxidant, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Blood-Pressure-Lowering Effect of Rice Bran Protein Hydrolysates. Foods, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9060812"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2020.105262","article-title":"Ultrasound microwave-assisted enzymatic production and characterisation of antioxidant peptides from sweet potato protein","volume":"69","author":"Habinshuti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2019.01.168","article-title":"Purification and identification of an antioxidative peptide from peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) seed dreg","volume":"285","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, Y., Dong, Y., and Dai, Z. (2021). Antioxidant and Cryoprotective Effects of Bone Hydrolysates from Bighead Carp (Aristichthys nobilis) in Freeze-Thawed Fish Fillets. Foods, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10061409"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2014.05.004","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of enzymatic hydrolysates from eggshell membrane proteins and its protective capacity in human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells","volume":"10","author":"Shi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2021.111631","article-title":"Antioxidant peptides derived from hydrolysates of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) scale","volume":"146","author":"Sierra","year":"2021","journal-title":"LWT"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.06.057","article-title":"Isolation and identification of antioxidant peptides from enzymatically hydrolyzed rice bran protein","volume":"192","author":"Wattanasiritham","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, S., Shen, Y., and Li, Y. (2019). Antioxidant Activities of Sorghum Kafirin Alcalase Hydrolysates and Membrane\/Gel Filtrated Fractions. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8050131"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.06.016","article-title":"Antioxidant and metal chelating activities of peptide fractions from phaseolin and bean protein hydrolysates","volume":"135","author":"Alaiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2021.106684","article-title":"Improvement of ultrasound microwave-assisted enzymatic production and high hydrostatic pressure on emulsifying, rheological and interfacial characteristics of sweet potato protein hydrolysates","volume":"117","author":"Falade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocolloid"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126534","article-title":"Purification and identification of antioxidant peptides from duck plasma proteins","volume":"319","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pang, K.L., Chow, Y.Y., Leong, L.M., Law, J.X., Ghafar, N.A., Soelaiman, I.N., and Chin, K.Y. (2021). Establishing SW1353 Chondrocytes as a Cellular Model of Chondrolysis. Life, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/life11040272"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.5142\/jgr.2012.36.2.161","article-title":"Protective Effect of Ginsenoside Rb1 on Hydrogen Peroxide-induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Articular Chondrocytes","volume":"36","author":"Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Ginseng Res."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2100961","DOI":"10.1002\/adhm.202100961","article-title":"Overcoming the Dependence on Animal Models for Osteoarthritis Therapeutics\u2014The Promises and Prospects of In Vitro Models","volume":"10","author":"Singh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv. Healthc. Mater."},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.08.092","article-title":"Protective effect of polysaccharides of sea cucumber Acaudina leucoprocta on hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative injury in RAW264.7 cells","volume":"139","author":"Zhou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5635797","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5635797","article-title":"Luteolin Protects Chondrocytes from H2O2-Induced Oxidative Injury and Attenuates Osteoarthritis Progression by Activating AMPK-Nrf2 Signaling","volume":"2022","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16044","DOI":"10.1038\/boneres.2016.44","article-title":"Osteoarthritis: Toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Chen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bone Res."},{"key":"ref_65","first-page":"e18607","article-title":"Association of Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP) Gene Polymorphisms with Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of the Literature","volume":"13","author":"Milaras","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609817","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.609817","article-title":"3\u2019-sialyllactose protects SW1353 chondrocytic cells from interleukin-1\u03b2-induced oxidative stress and inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Baek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.185","article-title":"Natural ingredients-derived antioxidants attenuate H2O2-induced oxidative stress and have chondroprotective effects on human osteoarthritic chondrocytes via Keap1\/Nrf2 pathway","volume":"152","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105577","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105577","article-title":"Direct Keap1-kelch inhibitors as potential drug candidates for oxidative stress-orchestrated diseases: A review on In silico perspective","volume":"167","author":"Boyenle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2021.111238","article-title":"Xanthohumol suppresses inflammation in chondrocytes and ameliorates osteoarthritis in mice","volume":"137","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2016.11.005","article-title":"Nrf2 signaling pathway: Pivotal roles in inflammation","volume":"1863","author":"Ahmed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Mol. Basis Dis."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/12\/2428\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:04Z","timestamp":1760146624000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/11\/12\/2428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox11122428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox11122428","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,9]]}}}