{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T09:53:51Z","timestamp":1771667631755,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["2022A1515012333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012333"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","award":["202102020136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102020136"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["2022A1515012333"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022A1515012333"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangzhou","award":["202102020136"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202102020136"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Although observational studies have suggested associations between circulating antioxidants and many mental disorders, causal inferences have not been confirmed. Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted using summary-level statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) to explore whether genetically determined absolute circulating antioxidants (i.e., ascorbate, retinol, \u03b2-carotene, and lycopene) and metabolites (i.e., \u03b1- and \u03b3-tocopherol, ascorbate, and retinol) were causally associated with the risk of six major mental disorders, including anxiety disorders (AD), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BIP), schizophrenia (SCZ), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD). MR analyses were performed per specific-outcome databases, including the largest GWAS published to date (from 9725 for OCD to 413,466 for BIP participants), UK Biobank (over 370,000 participants), and FinnGen (over 270,000 participants), followed by meta-analyses. We found no significant evidence that genetically determined diet-derived circulating antioxidants were significantly causally associated with the risk of the six above-mentioned major mental disorders. For absolute antioxidant levels, the odds ratios (ORs) ranged from 0.91 (95% CI, 0.67\u20131.23) for the effect of \u03b2-carotene on OCD to 1.18 (95% CI, 0.90\u20131.54) for the effect of ascorbate on OCD. Similarly, for antioxidant metabolites, ORs ranged from 0.87 (95% CI, 0.55\u20131.38) for the effect of ascorbate on MDD to 1.08 (95% CI, 0.88\u20131.33) for the effect of ascorbate on OCD. Our study does not support significant causal associations of genetically determined diet-derived circulating antioxidants with the risk of major mental disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T02:06:03Z","timestamp":1673402763000},"page":"162","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Dissecting Causal Associations of Diet-Derived Circulating Antioxidants with Six Major Mental Disorders: A Mendelian Randomization Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518054, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xuening","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lingjiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanzhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanxin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger S.","family":"McIntyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada"},{"name":"Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kayla M.","family":"Teopiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 2S8, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5213-2158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ciyong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"},{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"GBD 2019 Mental Disorders Collaborators (2022). 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