{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:57:54Z","timestamp":1792036674759,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]],"date-time":"2023-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674345600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["JATS [2022]084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JATS [2022]084"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["CX (2022)1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX (2022)1008"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Agricultural Industry Technology System","award":["XZ-SZ202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ-SZ202116"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Autonomous Innovation Fund Project","award":["JATS [2022]084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JATS [2022]084"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Autonomous Innovation Fund Project","award":["CX (2022)1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX (2022)1008"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu Province Agricultural Science and Technology Autonomous Innovation Fund Project","award":["XZ-SZ202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ-SZ202116"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu northern Science and Technology Project","award":["JATS [2022]084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JATS [2022]084"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu northern Science and Technology Project","award":["CX (2022)1008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CX (2022)1008"]}]},{"name":"Jiangsu northern Science and Technology Project","award":["XZ-SZ202116"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XZ-SZ202116"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of encapsulated essential oils (EOs) on the gut microbiota, growth performance, intestinal morphology, antioxidant properties and barrier function of meat-type ducks. A total of 320 male Cherry Valley ducks (1 day old), were randomly assigned to four dietary experimental groups with eight replicates of ten ducks each. The groups consisted of the CON group (basal diet), the HEO group (basal diet + EO 1000 mg\/kg), the LEO group (basal diet + EO 500 mg\/kg), and the ANT group (basal diet + chlortetracycline 50 mg\/kg). Our findings indicated that ducks fed with EO 1000 mg\/kg had greater average daily feed intake (ADFI), average daily gain (ADG), and body weight (BW) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than the other groups. The serum concentration of TG reduced in the HEO (p &gt; 0.05) and LEO (p &lt; 0.05) groups on day 42, while the concentration of CHOL increased with the EO concentration in the LEO (p &gt; 0.05) and HEO (p &lt; 0.05) groups. No differences were observed in the ileal mucosa for the activities of SOD, MPO and GSH-PX after EO dietary treatment. Dietary supplementation with EOs significantly increased the villus heights (p &lt; 0.01) and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth (c\/v) in the duodenum and jejunum of ducks. Moreover, the mRNA expressions of Claudin1 and Occludin in the jejunal mucosa were observed to be higher in the LEO and HEO groups rather than the CON and ANT groups on d 42. The \u03b1 diversity showed that the HEO group improved the bacterial diversity and abundance. The \u03b2 diversity analysis indicated that the microbial structures of the four groups were obviously separated. EO dietary supplementation could increase the relative abundance (p &lt; 0.01) of the Bacteroidetes phylum, Bacteroidaceae family, and Bacteroides, Desulfovibrio, Phascolarctobacterium, and Butyricimonas genera in the cecal microbiota of ducks. We demonstrated significant differences in the bacterial composition and functional potential of the gut microbiota in ducks that were fed either an EO diet or a basal diet. Therefore, supplemented EOs was found to have a positive effect on the growth performance and intestinal health of ducks, which was attributed to the improvement in cecal microbiota, intestinal morphology, and barrier function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,25]],"date-time":"2023-01-25T03:21:54Z","timestamp":1674616914000},"page":"253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Encapsulated Essential Oils Improve the Growth Performance of Meat Ducks by Enhancing Intestinal Morphology, Barrier Function, Antioxidant Capacity and the Cecal Microbiota"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Hongduo","family":"Bao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongqiang","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CALID Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Sciences, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ran","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Key Lab of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding Base, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CALID Biotechnology (Wuhan) Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430073, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Facilities and Equipment, The Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in the Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2019.112265","article-title":"Chemical composition and evaluation of the antinociceptive, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects of essential oil from Hymenaea cangaceira (Pinto, Mansano & Azevedo) native to Brazil: A natural medicine","volume":"247","author":"Navarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. 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