{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T03:29:15Z","timestamp":1791602955549,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deanship of Scientific Research at Umm Al-Qura University","award":["22UQU4331128DSR45"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22UQU4331128DSR45"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Paliurus spina-christi Mill., a member of the Rhamnaceae family, is a traditionally used medicinal plant in the management of a panoply of human ailments. The current research focused on its phytochemical profile and biological properties evaluated by its antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties. The methanol extract was found to be the most effective antioxidant as evidenced by its DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities, cupric and ferric reducing power (CUPRAC and FRAP), and high activity in phosphomolybdenum (PBD) assay, and also displayed the highest anti-tyrosinase activity. The n-hexane extract was the most effective AChE inhibitor (8.89 \u00b1 0.08 mg GALAE\/g) followed by the methanol (8.64 \u00b1 0.01 mg GALAE\/g) while the latter showed the highest BChE inhibition (2.50 \u00b1 0.05 mg GALAE\/g). Among the different solvent extracts of the stem, the methanolic extract showed highest antioxidant activity in the following assays: DPPH (909.88 \u00b1 4.25 mg TE\/g), ABTS (3358.33 \u00b1 51.14 mg TE\/g), CUPRAC (781.88 \u00b1 16.37 mg TE\/g), FRAP (996.70 \u00b1 47.28 mg TE\/g), and PBD (4.96 \u00b1 0.26 mmol TE\/g), while the dichloromethane extract showed the highest MCA (28.80 \u00b1 0.32 mg EDTAE\/g). The methanol extracts revealed the highest TPC and TFC among the different solvents used, and as for plant part, the stem extracts had the highest TPC ranging from 22.36 \u00b1 0.26 to 121.78 \u00b1 1.41 (mg GAE\/g), while the leaf extracts showed the highest TFC ranging from 8.43 \u00b1 0.03 to 75.36 \u00b1 0.92 (mg RE\/g). Our findings tend to provide additional scientific evidence on the biological and chemical activities of P. spina-christi, which may serve as a source of naturally occurring bioactive chemicals with potential biomedical applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020255","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]],"date-time":"2023-01-23T03:48:08Z","timestamp":1674445688000},"page":"255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Phytochemical Profile and Biological Activities of Different Extracts of Three Parts of Paliurus spina-christi: A Linkage between Structure and Ability"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6548-7823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gokhan","family":"Zengin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5547-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1lvaro","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ochoa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2613-4889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda de la Luz","family":"C\u00e1diz-Gurrea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9589-7388","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco Javier","family":"Leyva-Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science and Technology, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Ronda de Calatrava 7, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"},{"name":"Regional Institute for Applied Scientific Research (IRICA), Area of Food Science, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo Jose Cela, 10, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5564-5338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Segura-Carretero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Fuentenueva s\/n, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8399-452X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fevzi","family":"Elbasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4675-2027","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evren","family":"Yildiztugay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Selcuklu, Konya 42130, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5077-1493","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sumira","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi 834001, India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8734-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asaad","family":"Khalid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Substance Abuse and Toxicology Research Center, Jazan University, P.O. Box 114, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia"},{"name":"Medicinal and Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, Khartoum P.O. Box 2404, Sudan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-9319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashraf N.","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3962-8666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohamad","family":"Fawzi Mahomoodally","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, R\u00e9duit 230, Mauritius"},{"name":"Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Science, Chennai 600077, India"},{"name":"Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences (Pharmacen), North West University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Bhat, R.A., Hakeem, K.R., and Dervash, M.A. (2021). 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