{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T21:46:18Z","timestamp":1791582378575,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]],"date-time":"2023-01-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (Eng. Slovenian Research Agency)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P1-0170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P1-0170"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Oxidative stress and neuroinflammation are important processes involved in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Numerous risk factors, including genetic background, can affect the complex interplay between those mechanisms in the aging brain and can also affect typical AD hallmarks: amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. Our aim was to evaluate the association of polymorphisms in oxidative stress- and inflammation-related genes with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels and cognitive test results. The study included 54 AD patients, 14 MCI patients with pathological CSF biomarker levels, 20 MCI patients with normal CSF biomarker levels and 62 controls. Carriers of two polymorphic IL1B rs16944 alleles had higher CSF A\u03b21\u201342 levels (p = 0.025), while carriers of at least one polymorphic NFE2L2 rs35652124 allele had lower CSF A\u03b21\u201342 levels (p = 0.040). Association with IL1B rs16944 remained significant in the AD group (p = 0.029). Additionally, MIR146A rs2910164 was associated with A\u03b242\/40 ratio (p = 0.043) in AD. Significant associations with cognitive test scores were observed for CAT rs1001179 (p = 0.022), GSTP1 rs1138272 (p = 0.005), KEAP1 rs1048290 and rs9676881 (both p = 0.019), as well as NFE2L2 rs35652124 (p = 0.030). In the AD group, IL1B rs1071676 (p = 0.004), KEAP1 rs1048290 and rs9676881 (both p = 0.035) remained associated with cognitive scores. Polymorphisms in antioxidative and inflammation genes might be associated with CSF biomarkers and cognitive test scores and could serve as additional biomarkers contributing to early diagnosis of dementia.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020316","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T06:06:13Z","timestamp":1675058773000},"page":"316","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Genetic Polymorphisms in Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Pathways as Potential Biomarkers in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Dementia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5244-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David","family":"Vogrinc","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Milica","family":"Gregori\u010d Kramberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Emer\u0161i\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sa\u0161a","family":"\u010cu\u010dnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5673-4458","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katja","family":"Gori\u010dar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6707-6649","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vita","family":"Dol\u017ean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2072","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.11.2072","article-title":"Age-specific incidence rates of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: The Baltimore longitudinal study of aging","volume":"54","author":"Kawas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2020). 2020 Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. 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