{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T15:55:55Z","timestamp":1791906955779,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20K06187"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20K06187"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Plants and brown algae avoid photoinhibition (decline in photosystem II efficiency, Fv\/Fm) caused by excess light energy and oxidative stress through several photoprotective mechanisms, such as antioxidant xanthophyll production and heat dissipation. The heat dissipation can be measured as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and is strongly driven by de-epoxidation of xanthophyll cycle pigments (XCP). Although NPQ is known to increase under high light acclimation and nutrient-deficient conditions, a few studies have investigated the combined effects of the conditions on both NPQ and associated xanthophyll-to-chlorophyll (Chl) a ratio. The present study investigated the photosynthetic parameters of the brown alga Sargassum fusiforme acclimated to three irradiance levels combined with three nutrient levels. Elevated irradiance decreased Fv\/Fm but increased NPQ, XCP\/Chl a ratio, and fucoxanthin\/Chl a ratio, suggesting the photoprotective role of antioxidant fucoxanthin in brown algae. Reduced nutrient availability increased NPQ but had no effect on the other variables, including XCP\/Chl a ratio and its de-epoxidation state. The results indicate that NPQ can be used as a sensitive stress marker for nutrient deficiency, but cannot be used to estimate XCP pool size and state.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020357","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T02:57:24Z","timestamp":1675306644000},"page":"357","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Photoinhibition and Photoprotective Responses of a Brown Marine Macroalga Acclimated to Different Light and Nutrient Regimes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1983-1854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hikaru","family":"Endo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan"},{"name":"United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hikari","family":"Moriyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Okumura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Fisheries Resources Institute\/Fisheries Technology Institute, National Research and Development Agency, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama 985-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2006.11.019","article-title":"Photoinhibition of photosystem II under environmental stress","volume":"1767","author":"Murata","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochim. 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