{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:46:48Z","timestamp":1792003608428,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":181,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]],"date-time":"2023-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676160000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The human microbiota comprises all microorganisms, such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses, found within a specific environment that live on our bodies and inside us. The last few years have witnessed an explosion of information related to the role of microbiota changes in health and disease. Even though the gut microbiota is considered the most important in maintaining our health, other regions of the human body, such as the oral cavity, lungs, vagina, and skin, possess their own microbiota. Recent work suggests a correlation between the microbiota present during pregnancy and pregnancy complications. The aim of our literature review was to provide a broad overview of this growing and important topic. We focused on the most significant changes in the microbiota in the four more common obstetric diseases affecting women\u2019s health. Thus, our attention will be focused on hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and recurrent miscarriage. Pregnancy is a unique period in a woman\u2019s life since the body undergoes different adaptations to provide an optimal environment for fetal growth. Such changes also involve all the microorganisms, which vary in composition and quantity during the three trimesters of gestation. In addition, special attention will be devoted to the potential and fundamental advances in developing clinical applications to prevent and treat those disorders by modulating the microbiota to develop personalized therapies for disease prevention and tailored treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,13]],"date-time":"2023-02-13T04:07:19Z","timestamp":1676261239000},"page":"463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Microbiome Changes in Pregnancy Disorders"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6405-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luca","family":"Giannella","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Camilla","family":"Grelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dayana","family":"Quintili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessia","family":"Fiorelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona","family":"Montironi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3038-854X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonila","family":"Alia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10\/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giovanni","family":"Delli Carpini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6162-6299","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Di Giuseppe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2496-7932","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arianna","family":"Vignini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10\/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8037-4947","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Ciavattini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Woman\u2019s Health Sciences Department, Gynecologic Section, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Filippo Corridoni, 16, 60123 Ancona, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06244","article-title":"The human microbiome project","volume":"449","author":"Turnbaugh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00974-4","article-title":"Microbiota in health and diseases","volume":"7","author":"Hou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1264\/jsme2.ME17017","article-title":"Microbial Ecology along the Gastrointestinal Tract","volume":"32","author":"Hillman","year":"2017","journal-title":"Microbes Environ."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.4103\/jomfp.JOMFP_304_18","article-title":"Oral microbiome: Unveiling the fundamentals","volume":"23","author":"Deo","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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