{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:57:59Z","timestamp":1792789079420,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1676592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Czech Health Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NV18-08-00149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV18-08-00149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Czech Health Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU22-04-00389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU22-04-00389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009553","name":"Czech Health Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO1012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO1012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009553","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NV18-08-00149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV18-08-00149"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NU22-04-00389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU22-04-00389"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006083","name":"Ministry of Defence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MO1012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO1012"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Charles University research program COOPERATIO\u2014Medical Diagnostics and Basic Medical Sciences","award":["NV18-08-00149"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NV18-08-00149"]}]},{"name":"Charles University research program COOPERATIO\u2014Medical Diagnostics and Basic Medical Sciences","award":["NU22-04-00389"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NU22-04-00389"]}]},{"name":"Charles University research program COOPERATIO\u2014Medical Diagnostics and Basic Medical Sciences","award":["MO1012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO1012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Background: Predicting stroke risk in patients with carotid artery stenosis (CS) remains challenging. Circulating biomarkers seem to provide improvements with respect to risk stratification. Methods: Study patients who underwent carotid endarterectomy were categorized into four groups according to symptomatology and compared as follows: symptomatic with asymptomatic patients; and asymptomatic patients including amaurosis fugax (AF) (asymptomatic + AF group) with patients with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or brain stroke (BS) (hemispheric brain stroke group). Carotid specimens were histologically analyzed and classified based on the American Heart Classification (AHA) standard. As a marker of OS, the plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Comparisons of MDA plasma levels between groups were analyzed. Results: In total, 35 patients were included in the study. There were 22 (63%) patients in the asymptomatic group and 13 (37%) in the symptomatic group. Atheromatous plaque (p = 0.03) and old hemorrhage (p = 0.05), fibrous plaque (p = 0.04), myxoid changes (p = 0.02), plaques without hemorrhage (p = 0.04), significant neovascularization (p = 0.04) and AHA classification (p = 0.006) had significant correlations with clinical presentation. There were 26 (74%) patients in the asymptomatic group and 9 (26%) in the hemispheric brain stroke group. Atheromatous plaque (p = 0.02), old hemorrhage (p = 0.05) and plaques without neovascularization (p = 0.02), fibrous plaque (p = 0.03), plaques without hemorrhage (p = 0.02) and AHA classification (p = 0.01) had significant correlations with clinical presentation. There was no significant difference between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups with respect to MDA plasma levels (p = 0.232). A significant difference was observed when MDA plasma levels were compared to asymptomatic + AF and the hemispheric stroke group (p = 0.002). Conclusions: MDA plasma level correlates with the risk of hemispheric stroke (TIA or BS) and is a reliable marker of plaque vulnerability in carotid artery stenosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12020506","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]],"date-time":"2023-02-17T02:27:24Z","timestamp":1676600844000},"page":"506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Oxidative Stress as a Reliable Biomarker of Carotid Plaque Instability: A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Norbert","family":"Svoboda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karolina","family":"Ko\u010d\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Seidlov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e1clav","family":"Mandys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 100 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4305-9718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ji\u0159\u00ed","family":"Suttnar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3098-0508","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Al\u017eb\u011bta","family":"Hlav\u00e1\u010dkov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Haematology and Blood Transfusion, 120 00 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4887-9686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ond\u0159ej","family":"Ku\u010derka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, 500 02 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Netuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7346-9828","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Mal\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, 169 02 Prague, Czech Republic"},{"name":"University Military Hospital Prague, 168 02 Prague, Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1159\/000341410","article-title":"Carotid Artery Stenosis as a Cause of Stroke","volume":"40","author":"Flaherty","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3171\/2015.1.JNS142452","article-title":"Contemporary carotid imaging: From degree of stenosis to plaque vulnerability","volume":"124","author":"Brinjikji","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. 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