{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,25]],"date-time":"2026-07-25T11:30:33Z","timestamp":1784979033345,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]],"date-time":"2023-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBZ.D110.22.019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.D110.22.019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The European Food Safety Authority recommends C. incanus as a natural source of antioxidants. Its activity is essentially determined by polyphenols, although specific compounds are not finally indicated. The available plant material comes from different subspecies and locations, which can lead to differences in chemical composition and potency. For this reason, we conducted a detailed analysis of the polyphenol content and antioxidant activity of 52 different C. incanus teas from Turkey, Albania, Greece, and unspecified regions. We focused special attention on ellagitannins, which have not been properly determined so far. Besides oxidative stress, hyperglycemia is an essential component of cardiometabolic diseases. Therefore, in subsequent experiments, we evaluated the ability of C. incanus extracts and individual polyphenols to inhibit \u03b1-glucosidase. Using statistical methods, we analyzed how differences in chemical composition affect activity. The results showed that C. incanus is a rich source of ellagitannins (2.5\u201319%), which dominate among polyphenols (5.5\u201323%). Turkish-origin products had higher ellagitannin content and a greater antioxidant effect (FRAP, ABTS) than Albanian and Greek products. In contrast, the flavonoid and phenolic acid contents and DPPH values were at similar levels in all products. An in-depth analysis of their composition indicated that all groups of polyphenols are involved in the antioxidant effect, but a significant contribution can be attributed to ellagitannins and flavonoids. C. incanus extracts showed a high capacity to inhibit \u03b1-glucosidase activity (IC50 125\u2013145 \u03bcg\/mL). Ellagitannins were the most effective inhibitors (IC50 0.7\u20131.1 \u03bcM), with a potency exceeding acarbose (3.3 mM). In conclusion, C. incanus, due to the presence of ellagitannins and flavonoids, exhibits powerful antioxidant and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory effects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030553","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,23]],"date-time":"2023-02-23T03:25:56Z","timestamp":1677122756000},"page":"553","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Polyphenol Profile of Cistus \u00d7 incanus L. and Its Relevance to Antioxidant Effect and \u03b1-Glucosidase Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Aneta","family":"Starzec","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8437-2711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dominika","family":"Kunachowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrzej","family":"Dry\u015b","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0935-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Kepinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Division of Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1139-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Fecka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacognosy and Herbal Medicines, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Committee for Therapeutics and Drug Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Defilad 1, 00-901 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"1489","article-title":"Scientific opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to various food(S)\/food constituent(s) and protection of cells from premature aging, antioxidant activity, antioxidant content and antioxidant properties, and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from oxidative damage pursuant to article 13(1) of regulation (EC) no 1924\/2006","volume":"8","author":"Agostoni","year":"2010","journal-title":"EFSA J."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ode.2009.01.001","article-title":"Historical biogeography and character evolution of Cistaceae (Malvales) based on analysis of plastid rbcL and trnL-trnF sequences","volume":"9","author":"Vargas","year":"2009","journal-title":"Org. 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