{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T01:24:20Z","timestamp":1774315460175,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]],"date-time":"2023-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"The Children\u2019s Hospital","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"Pediatric Research Center","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"University of Helsinki","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"Helsinki University Hospital","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 (Foundation for Pediatric Research)","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 (Foundation for Pediatric Research)","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 (Foundation for Pediatric Research)","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 (Foundation for Pediatric Research)","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"Lastentautien Tutkimuss\u00e4\u00e4ti\u00f6 (Foundation for Pediatric Research)","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"The Instituto de Carlos III Health Institute","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"The Instituto de Carlos III Health Institute","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"The Instituto de Carlos III Health Institute","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"The Instituto de Carlos III Health Institute","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"The Instituto de Carlos III Health Institute","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"RETICS","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"RETICS","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"RETICS","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"RETICS","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"RETICS","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"PFIS","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"PFIS","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"PFIS","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"PFIS","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"PFIS","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"Margarita Salas","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]},{"name":"The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["CPII21\/00003"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CPII21\/00003"]}]},{"name":"The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["RD16\/0022\/001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022\/001"]}]},{"name":"The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["FI16\/00380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FI16\/00380"]}]},{"name":"The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UP2021-044-MS21-084"]}]},{"name":"The European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)","award":["RD16\/0022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD16\/0022"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Neuronal damage in bacterial meningitis (BM) partly stems from the host\u00b4s inflammatory response and induced oxidative stress (OS). We studied the association of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers indicating oxidative damage to proteins with course of illness and outcome in childhood BM in Angola. Ortho-tyrosine\/phenylalanine (o-Tyr\/Phe), 3-chlorotyrosine\/para-tyrosine (3Cl-Tyr\/p-Tyr), and 3-nitrotyrosine\/para-tyrosine (3NO2-Tyr\/p-Tyr) concentration ratios were measured in 79 BM admission CSF samples, employing liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Besides death, disease outcomes were registered on Day 7 of treatment and one month after discharge (control visit). The outcome was graded according to the modified Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), which considers neurological and audiological sequelae. Children with a o-Tyr\/Phe ratio below the median were more likely to present focal convulsions and secondary fever during recovery and suboptimal outcome (GOS &lt; 5) on Day 7 and at control visit (odds ratio (OR) 2.85; 95% CI 1.14\u20137.14 and OR 5.23; 95% CI 1.66\u201316.52, respectively). Their most common sequela was ataxia on Day 7 and at control visit (OR 8.55; 95% CI 2.27\u201332.22 and OR 5.83; 95% CI 1.12\u201330.4, respectively). The association of a higher admission CSF o-Tyr\/Phe ratio with a better course and outcome for pediatric BM points to a beneficial effect of OS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030621","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,3]],"date-time":"2023-03-03T02:27:25Z","timestamp":1677810445000},"page":"621","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["High Concentration of Protein Oxidation Biomarker O-Tyr\/Phe Predicts Better Outcome in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Emilie","family":"Rugemalira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Stenb\u00e4ckinkatu 9, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0020-361X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irmeli","family":"Roine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University Diego Portales, Avenida Manuel Rodr\u00edguez Sur 343, Santiago 8370109, Chile"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6979-2235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julia","family":"Kuligowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7630-0614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1ngel","family":"S\u00e1nchez-Illana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100 Burjassot, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1628-9075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 David","family":"Pi\u00f1eiro-Ramos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sture","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Stenb\u00e4ckinkatu 9, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manuel Leite","family":"Cruzeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino, Rua Amilcar Cabral, Luanda, Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0061-4742","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M\u00e1ximo","family":"Vento","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Institute La Fe (IISLAFE), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"},{"name":"Division of Neonatology, University and Polytechnic Hospital La Fe (HULAFE), Avenida Fernando Abril Martorell 106, 46026 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuula","family":"Pelkonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Stenb\u00e4ckinkatu 9, 00029 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Yliopistonkatu 4, 00014 Helsinki, Finland"},{"name":"Hospital Pedi\u00e1trico David Bernardino, Rua Amilcar Cabral, Luanda, Angola"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328337f49e","article-title":"New Understandings on the Pathophysiology of Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"23","author":"Koedel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371465","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/371465","article-title":"Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis","volume":"2013","author":"Barichello","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmt013","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Children with Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"59","author":"Srivastava","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Trop. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hamed, S.A., Hamed, E.A., and Zakary, M.M. (2009). Oxidative Stress and S-100B Protein in Children with Bacterial Meningitis. BMC Neurol., 9.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-9-51"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(99)00206-3","article-title":"Stable Markers of Oxidant Damage to Proteins and Their Application in the Study of Human Disease","volume":"27","author":"Davies","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rugemalira, E., Roine, I., Kuligowski, J., S\u00e1nchez-Illana, \u00c1., Pi\u00f1eiro-Ramos, J.D., Andersson, S., Peltola, H., Leite Cruzeiro, M., Pelkonen, T., and Vento, M. (2019). Protein Oxidation Biomarkers and Myeloperoxidase Activation in Cerebrospinal Fluid in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis. Antioxidants, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8100441"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00101-1","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases: Multifunctional Effectors of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis and Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"36","author":"Leppert","year":"2001","journal-title":"Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1086\/313922","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 and MMP-9 in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Bacterial Meningitis: Association with Blood-Brain Barrier Damage and Neurological Sequelae","volume":"31","author":"Leppert","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440404","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinases Contribute to the Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption during Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"44","author":"Paul","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. Neurol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1086\/374644","article-title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 in Pneumococcal Meningitis: Activation via an Oxidative Pathway","volume":"187","author":"Meli","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zainel, A., Mitchell, H., and Sadarangani, M. (2021). Bacterial Meningitis in Children: Neurological Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Prevention. Microorganisms, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9030535"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61187-8","article-title":"Effect of Vaccines on Bacterial Meningitis Worldwide","volume":"380","author":"McIntyre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viviani, S. (2022). Efficacy and Effectiveness of the Meningococcal Conjugate Group A Vaccine MenAfriVac\u00ae in Preventing Recurrent Meningitis Epidemics in Sub-Saharan Africa. Vaccines, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/vaccines10040617"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"(2018). GBD 2016 Meningitis Collaborators Global, Regional, and National Burden of Meningitis, 1990-2016: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol., 17, 1061\u20131082."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0024-3205(02)02137-9","article-title":"Oxidant and Antioxidant Activities in Childhood Meningitis","volume":"71","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.2000.11748119","article-title":"Evaluation of Free Radical Status in CSF in Childhood Meningitis","volume":"20","author":"Ray","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Trop. Paediatr."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.023","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Myeloperoxidase Activity during Bacterial Meningitis: Effects of Febrile Episodes and the BBB Permeability","volume":"43","author":"Miric","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.2.186","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Bacterial Meningitis in Humans","volume":"58","author":"Kastenbauer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"608","article-title":"CSF Interleukin-1 Beta, Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Free Radicals Production in Relation to Clinical Outcome in Acute Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"37","author":"Jain","year":"2000","journal-title":"Indian Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.15584\/ejcem.2022.1.10","article-title":"Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Patients with Meningitis","volume":"20","author":"Namiduru","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1586\/14787210.2015.1077700","article-title":"Bacterial Meningitis: An Update of New Treatment Options","volume":"13","author":"Nau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.15.43","article-title":"Bacterial Meningitis: Insights into Pathogenesis and Evaluation of New Treatment Options: A Perspective from Experimental Studies","volume":"10","author":"Liechti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2006.11.008","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Pneumococcal Meningitis: A Future Target for Adjunctive Therapy?","volume":"80","author":"Klein","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1179\/135100000101535834","article-title":"Oxidative Stress in Childhood Meningitis: Measurement of 8-Hydroxy-2\u2019-Deoxyguanosine Concentration in Cerebrospinal Fluid","volume":"5","author":"Tsukahara","year":"2000","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(11)70055-X","article-title":"Slow Initial \u03b2-Lactam Infusion and Oral Paracetamol to Treat Childhood Bacterial Meningitis: A Randomised, Controlled Trial","volume":"11","author":"Pelkonen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.2006.00729.x","article-title":"Gelatinase B [Matrix Metalloproteinase (MMP)-9] and Collagenases (MMP-8\/-13) Are Upregulated in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Aseptic and Bacterial Meningitis in Children","volume":"32","author":"Lindberg","year":"2006","journal-title":"Neuropathol. Appl. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2722","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.107.154831","article-title":"Serum Matrix Metalloproteinase-8 Concentrations Are Associated with Cardiovascular Outcome in Men","volume":"27","author":"Tuomainen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2019.07.003","article-title":"Risk Factors Associated with the Outcomes of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis: A Systematic Review","volume":"96","author":"Teixeira","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Pediatr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000000249","article-title":"Predictive Value of Cerebrospinal Fluid Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Concentrations in Childhood Bacterial Meningitis","volume":"33","author":"Roine","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1086\/317921","article-title":"The Free Radical Scavenger Alpha-Phenyl-Tert-Butyl Nitrone Aggravates Hippocampal Apoptosis and Learning Deficits in Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis","volume":"183","author":"Loeffler","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI119084","article-title":"Reactive Oxygen Intermediates Contribute to Necrotic and Apoptotic Neuronal Injury in an Infant Rat Model of Bacterial Meningitis Due to Group B Streptococci","volume":"98","author":"Leib","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2016.03.005","article-title":"Roles of the Tyrosine Isomers Meta-Tyrosine and Ortho-Tyrosine in Oxidative Stress","volume":"27","author":"Ipson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ageing Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2004.06.008","article-title":"Mitochondrial Redox Control of Matrix Metalloproteinases","volume":"37","author":"Nelson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/12\/3\/621\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T18:46:20Z","timestamp":1760121980000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/12\/3\/621"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox12030621"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox12030621","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,2]]}}}