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The nervous system is extremely vulnerable to oxidative stress because of its high oxygen demand. Mitochondria are the main source of ATP production in the brain neuron, and oxidative stress-caused mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. H2S was initially identified as a toxic gas; however, more recently, it has been recognized as a neuromodulator as well as a neuroprotectant. Specifically, it modulates mitochondrial activity, and H2S oxidation in mitochondria produces various reactive sulfur species, thus modifying proteins through sulfhydration. This review focused on highlighting the neuron modulation role of H2S in regulating neurodegenerative diseases through anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and S-sulfhydration, and emphasized the importance of H2S as a therapeutic molecule for neurological diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12030652","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]],"date-time":"2023-03-06T05:18:43Z","timestamp":1678079923000},"page":"652","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Advances of H2S in Regulating Neurodegenerative Diseases by Preserving Mitochondria Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Lina","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3637-2063","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Anesthesiology, Center for Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an 710061, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.chemrestox.1c00147","article-title":"Neurotoxicology","volume":"34","author":"Richardson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chem. 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