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These include responses to stress and other neuromodulatory effects that are typically dysregulated in aging, disease, and injury. H2S has a particularly prominent role in modulating neuronal health and survival under both normal and pathologic conditions. Although toxic and even fatal at very high concentrations, emerging evidence has also revealed a pronounced neuroprotective role for lower doses of endogenously generated or exogenously administered H2S. Unlike traditional neurotransmitters, H2S is a gas and, therefore, is unable to be stored in vesicles for targeted delivery. Instead, it exerts its physiologic effects through the persulfidation\/sulfhydration of target proteins on reactive cysteine residues. Here, we review the latest discoveries on the neuroprotective roles of H2S in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) and traumatic brain injury, which is one the greatest risk factors for AD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12051095","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,15]],"date-time":"2023-05-15T08:32:08Z","timestamp":1684139528000},"page":"1095","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Protective Roles of Hydrogen Sulfide in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease and Traumatic Brain Injury"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1862-6103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bindu D.","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"},{"name":"Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew A.","family":"Pieper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"},{"name":"Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Research Center, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Ramazzini, B. 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