{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T10:14:07Z","timestamp":1769249647094,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1690761600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Institute of Ophthalmology, \u201cFundaci\u00f3n Conde de Valenciana\u201d, the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a complex, progressive degenerative retinal disease. Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells play an important role in the immune defense of the eye and their dysfunction leads to the progressive irreversible degeneration of photoreceptors. Genetic factors, chronic inflammation, and oxidative stress have been implicated in AMD pathogenesis. Oxidative stress causes RPE injury, resulting in a chronic inflammatory response and cell death. The Y402H polymorphism in the complement factor H (CFH) protein is an important risk factor for AMD. However, the functional significance of CFH Y402H polymorphism remains unclear. In the present study, we investigated the role of CFH in the pro-inflammatory response using an in vitro model of oxidative stress in the RPE with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant. ARPE-19 cells with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant were highly susceptible to damage caused by oxidative stress, with increased levels of inflammatory mediators and pro-apoptotic factors that lead to cell death. Pretreatment of the ARPE-19 cell cultures with exogenous CFH prior to the induction of oxidative stress prevented damage and cell death. This protective effect may be related to the negative regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CFH contributes to cell homeostasis and is required to modulate the pro-inflammatory cytokine response under oxidative stress in the ARPE-19 cells with the at-risk CFH Y402H variant.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,1]],"date-time":"2023-08-01T09:14:40Z","timestamp":1690881280000},"page":"1540","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Exogenous CFH Modulates Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators to Prevent Oxidative Damage of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells with the At-Risk CFH Y402H Variant"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7405-4875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henry","family":"Velazquez-Soto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sergio","family":"Groman-Lupa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marisa","family":"Cruz-Aguilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alberto L.","family":"Salazar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan C.","family":"Zenteno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genetics, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3982-9097","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria C.","family":"Jimenez-Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunology, Research Unit, Institute of Ophthalmology \u201cConde de Valenciana Foundation\u201d, Mexico City 06800, Mexico"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fabre, M., Mateo, L., Lamaa, D., Baillif, S., Pag\u00e8s, G., Demange, L., Ronco, C., and Benhida, R. 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