{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:46:33Z","timestamp":1791891993153,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":141,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","award":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","award":["IRTG 2251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2251"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","award":["470814312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["470814312"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","award":["81X2800207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81X2800207"]}]},{"name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)","award":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"]}]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)","award":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"]}]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)","award":["IRTG 2251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2251"]}]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)","award":["470814312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["470814312"]}]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)","award":["81X2800207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81X2800207"]}]},{"name":"German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)","award":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"]}]},{"name":"the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments","award":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MO 1695\/4-1 and 5-1"]}]},{"name":"the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments","award":["IRTG 2251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IRTG 2251"]}]},{"name":"the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments","award":["470814312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["470814312"]}]},{"name":"the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments","award":["81X2800207"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81X2800207"]}]},{"name":"the Excellence Initiative by the German Federal and State Governments","award":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F-03661-553-41B-1250000"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Multiple experimental and clinical studies have shown increased oxidative stress and inflammation linked to obesity. NADPH oxidases are major sources of reactive oxygen species in the cardiovascular system and in metabolically active cells and organs. An impaired balance due to the increased formation of reactive oxygen species and a reduced antioxidative capacity contributes to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and is linked to inflammation as a major pathomechanism in cardiometabolic diseases. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is particularly characterized by increased oxidative stress and inflammation. In recent years, COVID-19 infections have also increased oxidative stress and inflammation in infected cells and tissues. Increasing evidence supports the idea of an increased risk for severe clinical complications of cardiometabolic diseases after COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in experimental models and clinical studies of obesity, cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19 infections and potential therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12081589","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]],"date-time":"2023-08-09T10:08:59Z","timestamp":1691575739000},"page":"1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Cross-Talk of NADPH Oxidases and Inflammation in Obesity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9360-9736","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henning","family":"Morawietz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1214-1807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heike","family":"Brendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8672-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Diaba-Nuhoho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Vascular Endothelium and Microcirculation, Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Hospital M\u00fcnster, 48149 M\u00fcnster, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7000-7860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rusan","family":"Catar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Critical Care Medicine, Charit\u00e9-Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Perakakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Wolfrum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Food, Nutrition, and Health, ETH Z\u00fcrich, Schorenstrasse, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan R.","family":"Bornstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine III, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden (PLID), Helmholtz Center Munich, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, TUD Dresden University of Technology, Fetscherstra\u00dfe 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.), Ingolst\u00e4dter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany"},{"name":"Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King\u2019s College London, Strand, London WC2R 2LS, UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2020). 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