{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T17:42:07Z","timestamp":1788370927761,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poland","award":["004648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["004648"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hepatocellular damage by the harmful effects of xenobiotics, which increase the production of free radicals, is a widespread phenomenon. The extract from the leaves of Cynara scolymus L. available as an artichoke preparation (natural source) of antioxidants may serve as a potential hepatoprotective factor. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the protective and regenerative properties of artichoke preparation on the liver in three extract doses: 0.5; 1.0; and 1.5 g\/kg bw\/day. The evaluation was conducted by measuring the levels of oxidative stress parameters, including glutathione (GSH), glutathione S-transferases (GST), nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), paraoxonase 1 (PON1), SH- group, nitrosylated protein (RSNO), as well as such liver enzymes as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the plasma and liver homogenate of rats with liver damage induced by CCl4 (1 mL\/kg bw). Measurements were taken in plasma and liver homogenate. The results have demonstrated that the artichoke preparation, owing to its high antioxidative potential, exhibits protective and regenerative effects on the liver. This is supported by the observation of higher GSH levels in the plasma of rats treated with artichoke extract for two weeks before CCl4 exposure. Furthermore, the artichoke extract has shown regenerative properties, as evidenced by lower ALT, AST, and SOD activity in the group treated with artichoke extract after CCl4 exposure. These findings suggest that the in vivo administration of artichoke preparation may be beneficial for the protection and regeneration of the liver.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12101846","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]],"date-time":"2023-10-11T08:07:12Z","timestamp":1697011632000},"page":"1846","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of the Protective and Regenerative Properties of Commercially Available Artichoke Leaf Powder Extract on Plasma and Liver Oxidative Stress Parameters"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2689-3009","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ewa","family":"Florek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3295-2546","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Szukalska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Markiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Environmental Research, Department of Toxicology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-631 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izabela","family":"Miechowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justyna","family":"Gornowicz-Porowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Jeli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0137-8764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Kasprzyk-Pochopie\u0144","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1904-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanna","family":"Nawrot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8651-4560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sobczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-780 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Horoszkiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Botaniqa Pharmacy, 60-783 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wojciech","family":"Piekoszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 30-387 Krakow, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerard","family":"Nowak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Practical Cosmetology and Skin Disease Prevention, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ramos-Tovar, E., and Muriel, P. 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