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Fish oligodendrocytes, microglia and astrocytes support the formation of new connections producing effective regeneration of the central nervous system after a lesion. To understand the role of oligodendrocytes and the signals that mediate regeneration, we use the well-established optic nerve (ON) crush model. We also used sox10 fluorescent transgenic lines to label fully differentiated oligodendrocytes. To quench the effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we used the endogenous antioxidant melatonin. Using these tools, we measured ROS production by flow cytometry and explored the regeneration of the optic tectum (OT), the response of oligodendrocytes and their mitochondria by confocal microscopy and Western blot. ROS are produced by oligodendrocytes 3 h after injury and JNK activity is triggered. Concomitantly, there is a decrease in the number of fully differentiated oligodendrocytes in the OT and in their mitochondrial population. By 24 h, oligodendrocytes partially recover. Exposure to melatonin blocks the changes observed in these oligodendrocytes at 3 h and increases their number and their mitochondrial populations after 24 h. Melatonin also blocks JNK upregulation and induces aberrant neuronal differentiation in the OT. In conclusion, a proper balance of ROS is necessary during visual system regeneration and exposure to melatonin has a detrimental impact.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122026","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]],"date-time":"2023-11-22T03:54:37Z","timestamp":1700625277000},"page":"2026","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["REDOX Balance in Oligodendrocytes Is Important for Zebrafish Visual System Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1195-9367","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"P\u00e9rez-Montes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jhoana Paola","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Cubides","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almudena","family":"Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Ar\u00e9valo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Cell Biology and Pathology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adri\u00e1n","family":"Santos-Ledo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurociencias de Castilla y Le\u00f3n (INCyL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3908-9060","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina","family":"Garc\u00eda-Macia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica de Salamanca (IBSAL), 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Functional Biology and Genomics (IBFG), Universidad de Salamanca\/CSIC, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Universidad de Salamanca, 37007 Salamanca, Spain"},{"name":"Centre for Biomedical Investigations Network on Frailty and Ageing (CIBERFES), 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ghaddar, B., L\u00fcbke, L., Couret, D., Rastegar, S., and Diotel, N. 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