{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T21:50:39Z","timestamp":1784411439848,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":122,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1702598400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"]}]},{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["PI15\/00071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00071"]}]},{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["PI22CIII\/00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00029"]}]},{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"]}]},{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"]}]},{"name":"State Agency for Research","award":["INVEST\/2023\/180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST\/2023\/180"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PI15\/00071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00071"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PI22CIII\/00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00029"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"]}]},{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["INVEST\/2023\/180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST\/2023\/180"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["PI15\/00071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00071"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["PI22CIII\/00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00029"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"]}]},{"name":"European Funds for Regional Development (FEDER)","award":["INVEST\/2023\/180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST\/2023\/180"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2019-108973RB-C21 and C22"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["PI15\/00071"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/00071"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["PI22CIII\/00029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI22CIII\/00029"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDIFEDER\/2021\/072"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIAICO\/2022\/181"]}]},{"name":"Generalitat Valenciana of Spain","award":["INVEST\/2023\/180"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["INVEST\/2023\/180"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) generates oxidative stress, with downstream effects at the metabolic level. Human studies of traffic density and metabolomic markers, however, are rare. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between traffic density in the street of residence with oxidative stress and metabolomic profiles measured in a population-based sample from Spain. We also explored in silico the potential biological implications of the findings. Secondarily, we assessed the contribution of oxidative stress to the association between exposure to traffic density and variation in plasma metabolite levels. Traffic density was defined as the average daily traffic volume over an entire year within a buffer of 50 m around the participants\u2019 residence. Plasma metabolomic profiles and urine oxidative stress biomarkers were measured in samples from 1181 Hortega Study participants by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and high-performance liquid chromatography, respectively. Traffic density was associated with 7 (out of 49) plasma metabolites, including amino acids, fatty acids, products of bacterial and energy metabolism and fluid balance metabolites. Regarding urine oxidative stress biomarkers, traffic associations were positive for GSSG\/GSH% and negative for MDA. A total of 12 KEGG pathways were linked to traffic-related metabolites. In a protein network from genes included in over-represented pathways and 63 redox-related candidate genes, we observed relevant proteins from the glutathione cycle. GSSG\/GSH% and MDA accounted for 14.6% and 12.2% of changes in isobutyrate and the CH2CH2CO fatty acid moiety, respectively, which is attributable to traffic exposure. At the population level, exposure to traffic density was associated with specific urine oxidative stress and plasma metabolites. Although our results support a role of oxidative stress as a biological intermediary of traffic-related metabolic alterations, with potential implications for the co-bacterial and lipid metabolism, additional mechanistic and prospective studies are needed to confirm our findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12122122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]],"date-time":"2023-12-15T11:26:52Z","timestamp":1702639612000},"page":"2122","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Traffic Density Exposure, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Plasma Metabolomics in a Population-Based Sample: The Hortega Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5153-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Sanchez-Rodriguez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Joint Research Institute-National School of Health (IMIENS), National Distance Education University, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1996-7425","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Galvez-Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayel\u00e9n","family":"Rojas-Benedicto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Joint Research Institute-National School of Health (IMIENS), National Distance Education University, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Communicable Diseases, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arce","family":"Domingo-Relloso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0116-9145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nuria","family":"Amigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biosfer Teslab, 43201 Reus, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Universidad de Rovira i Virgili, 43007 Tarragona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8777-6773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Josep","family":"Redon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4803-1573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Monleon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biomedical Research, Hospital Clinic de Valencia (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8164-4048","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Saez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Clinical Analysis Service, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset-FISABIO, Universitat de Valencia, 46020 Valencia, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3850-1228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Tellez-Plaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-6509","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Martin-Escudero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Rio Hortega, University of Valladolid, 47012 Valladolid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6154-9142","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebeca","family":"Ramis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integrative Epidemiology Group, Department of Chronic Diseases Epidemiology, National Center for Epidemiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"CIBER on Epidemiology and Public Health, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jereb, B., Gaj\u0161ek, B., \u0160ipek, G., Kov\u0161e, \u0160., and Obrecht, M. 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