{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:33:43Z","timestamp":1785281623062,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1703030400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Korean Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs","award":["MAFRA: 122027-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MAFRA: 122027-2"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The effects of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) berry pulp extracts (CBP extracts) on the improvement of diabetes, obesity, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) were evaluated using various in vitro antioxidant activity assays and through a high-fat diet-induced mild diabetic obese mouse model. After an 84-day oral administration of CBP extracts (400\u2013100 mg\/kg), bioactivities were evaluated. The in vitro analysis showed the highest DPPH\u25cf scavenging activity of 73.10 \u00b1 4.27%, ABTS\u25cf scavenging activity of 41.18 \u00b1 1.14%, and SOD activity of 56.24 \u00b1 2.81%, at a CBP extract concentration of 1000 \u00b5g\/mL. The in vivo analysis of the CBP extracts showed favorable and dose-dependent anti-obesity, anti-diabetic, NAFLD, nephropathy, and hyperlipidemia refinement effects through hepatic glucose enzyme activity, 5\u2032-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) up-regulation, antioxidant activity, lipid metabolism-related gene expression, and pancreatic lipid digestion enzyme modulatory activities. This study shows that an appropriate oral dosage of CBP extracts could function as a potent herbal formulation for a refinement agent or medicinal food ingredient to control type 2 diabetes and related complications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010010","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]],"date-time":"2023-12-20T07:20:31Z","timestamp":1703056831000},"page":"10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validating the Health Benefits of Coffee Berry Pulp Extracts in Mice with High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity and Diabetes"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6830-2588","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khawaja Muhammad Imran","family":"Bashir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"German Engineering Research and Development Center for Life Science Technologies in Medicine and Environment, Busan 46742, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joo Wan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Companion Animal Health, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hye-Rim","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jae-Kyoung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNS Pharm Korea Co., Ltd., Seoul 04043, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Food Regulatory Science, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong 30019, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beom-Rak","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutracore Co., Ltd., Suwon 16514, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8151-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jae-Suk","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Seafood Science and Technology, The Institute of Marine Industry, Gyeongsang National University, Tongyeong 53064, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1269-3804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sae-Kwang","family":"Ku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Histology, College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany University, Gyeongsan 38610, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M700195-JLR200","article-title":"Conjugated linoleic acid fails to worsen insulin resistance but induces hepatic steatosis in the presence of leptin in ob\/ob mice","volume":"49","author":"Wendel","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. 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