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Methylphenidate, among others, is the main drug used in ADHD patients, but its effects on relevant markers and structures remain unclear. This study, involving 59 patients diagnosed with ADHD according to DSM-5 criteria, aimed to assess changes in cortisol levels (using cortisol awakening response, CAR) and oxidative\/nitrosative status with the treatment. Blood samples before and 3 months after treatment with methylphenidate were used to measure oxidative and inflammatory markers, as well as the endogenous antioxidant activity, while saliva samples tracked cortisol awakening response (CAR). The results showed a treatment-related improvement in the redox profile, with the reduction in advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), lipid peroxidation (LPO), and nitrite plus nitrate (NOx) levels, and the increase in the enzymatic activities of glutathione reductase (GRd) and catalase (CAT). Moreover, the area under the curve (AUC) of CAR increased significantly, indicating increased reactivity of the HPA axis. These results support, for the first time, the involvement of the endogenous antioxidant system in the pathophysiology of ADHD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]],"date-time":"2024-01-12T07:47:16Z","timestamp":1705045636000},"page":"92","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Changes in Cortisol and in Oxidative\/Nitrosative Stress Indicators after ADHD Treatment"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7864-3039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Garre-Morata","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC of Laboratorios Cl\u00ednicos, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"de Haro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC of Laboratorios Cl\u00ednicos, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8107-2089","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel Gonz\u00e1lez","family":"Vill\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC of Pediatrics, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"UGC of Pediatrics, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1256-7656","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Germaine","family":"Escames","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Ibs.CIBERfes, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2955-5064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonio","family":"Molina-Carballo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"UGC of Pediatrics, San Cecilio University Hospital, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Medicine Faculty, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9680-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dar\u00edo","family":"Acu\u00f1a-Castroviejo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UGC of Laboratorios Cl\u00ednicos, Hospital Universitario Cl\u00ednico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Ibs.Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Ibs.CIBERfes, Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable, 18016 Granada, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica, Departamento de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Parque Tecnol\u00f3gico de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013). 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