{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T21:59:02Z","timestamp":1789423142001,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Shandong Province","award":["SDAIT-10-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-10-08"]}]},{"name":"Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Shandong Province","award":["2022KJ170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ170"]}]},{"name":"Technology System of Modern Agricultural Industry in Shandong Province","award":["1121010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1121010"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Educational Program for Young Innovation Talents","award":["SDAIT-10-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-10-08"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Educational Program for Young Innovation Talents","award":["2022KJ170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ170"]}]},{"name":"Shandong Province Higher Educational Program for Young Innovation Talents","award":["1121010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1121010"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund for High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University","award":["SDAIT-10-08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SDAIT-10-08"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund for High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University","award":["2022KJ170"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022KJ170"]}]},{"name":"Start-up Fund for High-level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University","award":["1121010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1121010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Sperm motility is an important factor in the migration of sperm from the uterus to the oviduct. During sperm preservation in vitro, sperm generates excessive ROS that damages its function. This study aims to investigate whether the addition of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) to the diluted medium could improve chilled ram sperm quality, and then elucidates the mechanism. Ram semen was diluted with Tris-citric acid-glucose (TCG) medium containing different doses of PQQ (0 nM, 10 nM, 100 nM, 1000 nM, 10,000 nM), and stored at 4 \u00b0C. Sperm motility patterns, plasma membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and ATP levels were measured after preservation. Furthermore, the expressions of NADH dehydrogenase 1 (MT-ND1) and NADH dehydrogenase 6 (MT-ND6) in sperm were also detected by western blotting. In addition, sperm capacitation and the ability of sperm to bind to the zona pellucina were also evaluated. It was observed that the addition of PQQ significantly (p &lt; 0.05) improved ram sperm motility, membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity during preservation. The percentage of sperm with high mitochondrial membrane potential in the PQQ treatment group was much higher than that in the control. In addition, supplementation of PQQ also decreased the sperm MDA and ROS levels, while increasing ATP levels. Interestingly, the levels of MT-ND1 and MT-ND6 protein in sperm treated with PQQ were also higher than that of the control. Furthermore, the addition of 100 nM PQQ to the medium decreased ROS damage in MT-ND1 and MT-ND6 proteins. The addition of 100 nM PQQ significantly (p &lt; 0.05) increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation in ram sperm after induced capacitation. Furthermore, the value of the sperm\u2013zona pellucida binding capacity in the 100 nM PQQ treatment group was also much higher than that of the control. Overall, during chilled ram- sperm preservation, PQQ protected ram sperm quality by quenching the ROS levels to reduce ROS damage and maintain sperm mitochondrial function, and preserved the sperm\u2019s high ability of fertilization.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]],"date-time":"2024-01-15T07:25:07Z","timestamp":1705303507000},"page":"104","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Improves Ram Sperm Quality through Its Antioxidative Ability during Storage at 4 \u00b0C"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Zhendong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjia","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qitai","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haolong","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weijing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6611-126X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adedeji O.","family":"Adetunji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agriculture, University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff, Pine Bluff, AR 71601, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3537-5892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A. Masudul","family":"Hoque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hongde Livestock Farm, Yingli Town, Weifang 261000, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingjiang","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, No. 700 Changcheng Road, Qingdao 266109, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2006.00767.x","article-title":"Improvement strategies in ovine artificial insemination","volume":"41","author":"Anel","year":"2006","journal-title":"Reprod. 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