{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:32:18Z","timestamp":1787027538985,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Flanders, Brussels, Belgium)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1196221N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196221N"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Flanders, Brussels, Belgium)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["G040220FWO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G040220FWO"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003130","name":"Flemish Fund for Scientific Research (FWO Flanders, Brussels, Belgium)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BOF19KP07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF19KP07"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003130","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"UHasselt Special Research Fund","award":["1196221N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196221N"]}]},{"name":"UHasselt Special Research Fund","award":["G040220FWO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G040220FWO"]}]},{"name":"UHasselt Special Research Fund","award":["BOF19KP07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF19KP07"]}]},{"name":"Limburg Cancer Foundation","award":["1196221N"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1196221N"]}]},{"name":"Limburg Cancer Foundation","award":["G040220FWO"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["G040220FWO"]}]},{"name":"Limburg Cancer Foundation","award":["BOF19KP07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BOF19KP07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of doxorubicin (DOX) chemotherapy is restricted due to dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. Pyridoxamine (PM) is a vitamin B6 derivative with favorable effects on diverse cardiovascular diseases, suggesting a cardioprotective effect on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. The cardioprotective nature of PM was investigated in a rat model of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Six-week-old female Sprague Dawley rats were treated intravenously with 2 mg\/kg DOX or saline (CTRL) weekly for eight weeks. Two other groups received PM via the drinking water next to DOX (DOX+PM) or saline (CTRL+PM). Echocardiography, strain analysis, and hemodynamic measurements were performed to evaluate cardiac function. Fibrotic remodeling, myocardial inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis were evaluated by various in vitro techniques. PM significantly attenuated DOX-induced left ventricular (LV) dilated cardiomyopathy and limited TGF-\u03b21-related LV fibrotic remodeling and macrophage-driven myocardial inflammation. PM protected against DOX-induced ferroptosis, as evidenced by restored DOX-induced disturbance of redox balance, improved cytosolic and mitochondrial iron regulation, and reduced mitochondrial damage at the gene level. In conclusion, PM attenuated the development of cardiac damage after DOX treatment by reducing myocardial fibrosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial damage and by restoring redox and iron regulation at the gene level, suggesting that PM may be a novel cardioprotective strategy for DOX-induced cardiomyopathy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13010112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]],"date-time":"2024-01-17T04:16:56Z","timestamp":1705465016000},"page":"112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Pyridoxamine Limits Cardiac Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7940-3456","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibren","family":"Haesen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manon Marie","family":"Jager","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aline","family":"Brillouet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"de Laat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2699-9539","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lotte","family":"Vastmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eline","family":"Verghote","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anouk","family":"Delaet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3059-1158","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"D\u2019Haese","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), School for Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Maastricht, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Hamad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC) Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kleinewietfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"VIB Laboratory of Translational Immunomodulation, VIB Center for Inflammation Research (IRC) Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeroen","family":"Mebis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology, Jessa Hospital, Stadsomvaart 11, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wilfried","family":"Mullens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Cardiology, Ziekenhuis Oost Limburg, Schiepse Bos 6, 3600 Genk, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7520-0021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivo","family":"Lambrichts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Wolfs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorien","family":"Deluyker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0986-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Virginie","family":"Bito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UHasselt, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Biomedical Research Institute (BIOMED), Agoralaan, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ferlay, J., Colombet, M., Soerjomataram, I., Parkin, D.M., Pineros, M., Znaor, A., and Bray, F. (2021). Cancer statistics for the year 2020: An overview. Int. J. Cancer, online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.33588"},{"key":"ref_2","unstructured":"(2023, March 09). Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs). Available online: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21731","article-title":"Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics, 2022","volume":"72","author":"Miller","year":"2022","journal-title":"CA Cancer J. Clin."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-016-6711-0","article-title":"Anthracycline Chemotherapy and Cardiotoxicity","volume":"31","author":"McGowan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1720","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa006","article-title":"Classification, prevalence, and outcomes of anticancer therapy-induced cardiotoxicity: The CARDIOTOX registry","volume":"41","author":"Lyon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3889","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz766","article-title":"A population-based study of cardiovascular disease mortality risk in US cancer patients","volume":"40","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2019.02.013","article-title":"Oxidative stress injury in doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"307","author":"Songbo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.03.042","article-title":"Ferroptosis: An iron-dependent form of nonapoptotic cell death","volume":"149","author":"Dixon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI72931","article-title":"Cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin is mediated through mitochondrial iron accumulation","volume":"124","author":"Ichikawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(09)70018-0","article-title":"Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: Overview of studies examining the roles of oxidative stress and free cellular iron","volume":"61","author":"Simunek","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.321667","article-title":"Iron Metabolism in Cardiovascular Disease: Physiology, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Targets","volume":"132","author":"Sawicki","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2919","article-title":"Identification of the molecular basis of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4229","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehac244","article-title":"2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS)","volume":"43","author":"Lyon","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw022","article-title":"Prevention of cardiac dysfunction during adjuvant breast cancer therapy (PRADA): A 2 \u00d7 2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of candesartan and metoprolol","volume":"37","author":"Gulati","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2021.3395","article-title":"Cardioprotective Strategy for Patients with Nonmetastatic Breast Cancer Who Are Receiving an Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy: A Randomized Clinical Trial","volume":"7","author":"Livi","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Oncol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2019.08.006","article-title":"Efficacy of Neurohormonal Therapies in Preventing Cardiotoxicity in Patients with Cancer Undergoing Chemotherapy","volume":"1","author":"Vaduganathan","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncology"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaccao.2019.08.003","article-title":"Efficacy of Dexrazoxane in Preventing Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity in Breast Cancer","volume":"1","author":"Macedo","year":"2019","journal-title":"JACC CardioOncology"},{"key":"ref_18","first-page":"CD003917","article-title":"Cardioprotective interventions for cancer patients receiving anthracyclines","volume":"2011","author":"Caron","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst. Rev."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1318","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1997.15.4.1318","article-title":"Cardioprotection with dexrazoxane for doxorubicin-containing therapy in advanced breast cancer","volume":"15","author":"Swain","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16010","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-16255-y","article-title":"Pyridoxamine improves survival and limits cardiac dysfunction after MI","volume":"7","author":"Deluyker","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-010-2000-9","article-title":"Delayed intervention with AGE inhibitors attenuates the progression of diabetes-accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout mice","volume":"54","author":"Watson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02665-2","article-title":"Emerging cardioprotective mechanisms of vitamin B6: A narrative review","volume":"61","author":"Kumrungsee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stach, K., Stach, W., and Augoff, K. (2021). Vitamin B6 in Health and Disease. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093229"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e21","DOI":"10.1161\/RES.0000000000000473","article-title":"Preclinical Models of Cancer Therapy-Associated Cardiovascular Toxicity: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association","volume":"129","author":"Asnani","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvx246","article-title":"Anthracycline cardiotoxicity: The importance of horizontally integrating pre-clinical and clinical research","volume":"114","author":"Lipshultz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.122.320246","article-title":"Large and Small Animal Models of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction","volume":"130","author":"Pilz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.4103\/0976-0105.177703","article-title":"A simple practice guide for dose conversion between animals and human","volume":"7","author":"Nair","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Basic Clin. Pharm."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.121.319901","article-title":"Sex-Specific Cardiovascular Risks of Cancer and Its Therapies","volume":"130","author":"Wilcox","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evens, L., Belien, H., D\u2019Haese, S., Haesen, S., Verboven, M., Rummens, J.L., Bronckaers, A., Hendrikx, M., Deluyker, D., and Bito, V. (2021). Combinational Therapy of Cardiac Atrial Appendage Stem Cells and Pyridoxamine: The Road to Cardiac Repair?. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22179266"},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa110","article-title":"Towards standardization of echocardiography for the evaluation of left ventricular function in adult rodents: A position paper of the ESC Working Group on Myocardial Function","volume":"117","author":"Zacchigna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12220","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-68974-4","article-title":"Glycolaldehyde-modified proteins cause adverse functional and structural aortic remodeling leading to cardiac pressure overload","volume":"10","author":"Haesen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019","article-title":"Fiji: An open-source platform for biological-image analysis","volume":"9","author":"Schindelin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Methods"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.02.095","article-title":"Cross-linking versus RAGE: How do high molecular weight advanced glycation products induce cardiac dysfunction?","volume":"210","author":"Deluyker","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymeth.2009.11.001","article-title":"How to do successful gene expression analysis using real-time PCR","volume":"50","author":"Derveaux","year":"2010","journal-title":"Methods"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: Minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1330","article-title":"Innovative imaging methods in heart failure: A shifting paradigm in cardiac assessment. Position statement on behalf of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"20","author":"Celutkiene","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa017","article-title":"MMP inhibitors attenuate doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by preventing intracellular and extracellular matrix remodelling","volume":"117","author":"Chan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e010961","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.010961","article-title":"PI3Kalpha Pathway Inhibition with Doxorubicin Treatment Results in Distinct Biventricular Atrophy and Remodeling with Right Ventricular Dysfunction","volume":"8","author":"McLean","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Diez, G., Monreal-Corona, R., and Mora-Diez, N. (2021). Complexes of Copper and Iron with Pyridoxamine, Ascorbic Acid, and a Model Amadori Compound: Exploring Pyridoxamine\u2019s Secondary Antioxidant Activity. Antioxidants, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10020208"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1006\/mgme.2000.3032","article-title":"Induction of cardiac fibrosis by transforming growth factor-beta(1)","volume":"71","author":"Lijnen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Genet. Metab."},{"key":"ref_41","first-page":"47","article-title":"Pristimerin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and fibrosis through modulation of Nrf2 and MAPK\/NF-kB signaling pathways","volume":"11","author":"Khoshhal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cancer Manag. Res."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.316428","article-title":"Self-Maintenance of Cardiac Resident Reparative Macrophages Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy through the SR-A1-c-Myc Axis","volume":"127","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.119.314681","article-title":"Mitochondrial Determinants of Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy","volume":"126","author":"Wallace","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808480","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.808480","article-title":"Fisetin Attenuates Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiomyopathy In Vivo and In Vitro by Inhibiting Ferroptosis Through SIRT1\/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Activation","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0076-6879(04)82008-1","article-title":"NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1, DT-diaphorase), functions and pharmacogenetics","volume":"382","author":"Ross","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2789","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.23534","article-title":"Genetic polymorphisms in the carbonyl reductase 3 gene CBR3 and the NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 gene NQO1 in patients who developed anthracycline-related congestive heart failure after childhood cancer","volume":"112","author":"Blanco","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.105.013383","article-title":"Molecular pharmacology of the interaction of anthracyclines with iron","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.02.060","article-title":"Potentiation of Doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by iron loading in a rodent model","volume":"49","author":"Panjrath","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7778","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-35503-y","article-title":"Magnesium hexacyanoferrate nanocatalysts attenuate chemodrug-induced cardiotoxicity through an anti-apoptosis mechanism driven by modulation of ferrous iron","volume":"13","author":"Huo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2672","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1821022116","article-title":"Ferroptosis as a target for protection against cardiomyopathy","volume":"116","author":"Fang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e132747","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.132747","article-title":"Mitochondria-dependent ferroptosis plays a pivotal role in doxorubicin cardiotoxicity","volume":"5","author":"Tadokoro","year":"2020","journal-title":"JCI Insight"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, X., Comish, P.B., Tang, D., and Kang, R. (2021). Characteristics and Biomarkers of Ferroptosis. Front. Cell Dev. Biol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.637162"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1159\/000108104","article-title":"Effects of pyridoxamine in combined phase 2 studies of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes and overt nephropathy","volume":"27","author":"Williams","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1159\/000369310","article-title":"Pyridoxamine dihydrochloride in diabetic nephropathy (PIONEER-CSG-17): Lessons learned from a pilot study","volume":"129","author":"Dwyer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haesen, S., Verghote, E., Heeren, E., Wolfs, E., Deluyker, D., and Bito, V. (2024). Pyridoxamine attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy without affecting its antitumor effect on rat mammary tumor cells. Cells, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells13020120"}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/1\/112\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:48:32Z","timestamp":1760104112000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/1\/112"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox13010112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13010112","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,17]]}}}