{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T12:46:14Z","timestamp":1780058774007,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":240,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705968000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR15HL122952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR15HL122952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR01HL163159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR01HL163159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institute of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16PRE27780121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16PRE27780121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR15HL122952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR15HL122952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR01HL163159"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR01HL163159"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000968","name":"American Heart Association","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16PRE27780121"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16PRE27780121"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000968","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Acetic acid is a bioactive short-chain fatty acid produced in large quantities from ethanol metabolism. In this review, we describe how acetic acid\/acetate generates oxidative stress, alters the function of pre-sympathetic neurons, and can potentially influence cardiovascular function in both humans and rodents after ethanol consumption. Our recent findings from in vivo and in vitro studies support the notion that administration of acetic acid\/acetate generates oxidative stress and increases sympathetic outflow, leading to alterations in arterial blood pressure. Real-time investigation of how ethanol and acetic acid\/acetate modulate neural control of cardiovascular function can be conducted by microinjecting compounds into autonomic control centers of the brain and measuring changes in peripheral sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure in response to these compounds.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13020139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T07:22:32Z","timestamp":1705994552000},"page":"139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Acetic Acid: An Underestimated Metabolite in Ethanol-Induced Changes in Regulating Cardiovascular Function"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Andrew D.","family":"Chapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9763-205X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiying","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1639-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qing-Hui","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Kinesiology and Integrative Physiology, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"245","article-title":"Overview: How is alcohol metabolized by the body?","volume":"29","author":"Zakhari","year":"2006","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res. Health"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chapp, A.D., Nwakama, C.A., Collins, A.R., Mermelstein, P.G., and Thomas, M.J. (2023). Physiological acetic acid concentrations from ethanol metabolism stimulate accumbens shell medium spiny neurons via NMDAR activation in a sex-dependent manner. Neuropsychopharmacology.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-023-01752-8"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1042\/bse0470053","article-title":"Mitochondrial proton and electron leaks","volume":"47","author":"Jastroch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Essays Biochem."},{"key":"ref_4","first-page":"321","article-title":"Oxidative stress and alcoholic liver disease","volume":"21","author":"Kaplowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol. Health Res. World"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v12.i7.332","article-title":"Oxidative stress in alcohol-related liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Tan","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853175","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/853175","article-title":"Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Essential Partners in Alcoholic Liver Disease","volume":"2012","author":"Ambade","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Hepatol."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-009-0432-0","article-title":"Role of oxidative stress in alcohol-induced liver injury","volume":"83","author":"Cederbaum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1988","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23572","article-title":"Acetate, the key modulator of inflammatory responses in acute alcoholic hepatitis","volume":"51","author":"Kendrick","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s12263-009-0159-9","article-title":"Ethanol-induced oxidative stress: Basic knowledge","volume":"5","author":"Comporti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Genes. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02255969","article-title":"Ethanol and oxidative mechanisms in the brain","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Biomed. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","first-page":"377","article-title":"Alcohol-related neurodegeneration and recovery: Mechanisms from animal models","volume":"31","author":"Crews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res. Health"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2020.00282","article-title":"Alcohol Use Disorder, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer\u2019s and Parkinson\u2019s Disease: Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Neuroimmune Response and Excitotoxicity","volume":"14","author":"Kamal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Cell Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agn079","article-title":"Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Regeneration in Alcoholism","volume":"44","author":"Crews","year":"2008","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_14","first-page":"219","article-title":"Alcohol\u2019s Effects on the Cardiovascular System","volume":"38","author":"Piano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e223849","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2022.3849","article-title":"Association of Habitual Alcohol Intake With Risk of Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"5","author":"Biddinger","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Netw. Open"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002814","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGEN.119.002814","article-title":"Alcohol Consumption and Cardiovascular Disease","volume":"13","author":"Larsson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Genom. Precis. Med."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11883-017-0647-0","article-title":"Alcohol and Cardiovascular Disease: How Much is Too Much?","volume":"19","author":"Toma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr. Atheroscler. Rep."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2020.07.007","article-title":"Acute effects of alcohol on cardiac electrophysiology and arrhythmogenesis: Insights from multiscale in silico analyses","volume":"146","author":"Sutanto","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_19","unstructured":"Kupari, M., and Koskinen, P. (1998). Alcohol, cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death. Novartis Found. Symp., 216."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.064561","article-title":"Ethanol-Induced Atrial Fibrillation Results From Late INa and Can Be Prevented by Ranolazine","volume":"148","author":"Mustroph","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/37.5.409","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of light\u2013moderate consumption of alcohol: A review of putative mechanisms","volume":"37","author":"Agarwal","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12784","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.22.12784","article-title":"Cardioprotection from ischemia by a brief exposure to physiological levels of ethanol: Role of epsilon protein kinase C","volume":"96","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.5.1567","article-title":"AHA Science Advisory. Alcohol and heart disease. Nutrition Committee of the American Heart Association","volume":"65","author":"Pearson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4330\/wjc.v6.i5.245","article-title":"Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanism and prevention","volume":"6","author":"Husain","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000218586.21932.3c","article-title":"Alcohol and Hypertension","volume":"47","author":"Beilin","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(99)00238-1","article-title":"Association Between Alcohol Intake and Development of Hypertension in Japanese Normotensive Men: 12-Year Follow-Up Study","volume":"13","author":"Tsuruta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e108","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(17)30003-8","article-title":"The effect of a reduction in alcohol consumption on blood pressure: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Roerecke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Public. Health"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.123.21224","article-title":"Alcohol Intake and Blood Pressure Levels: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Nonexperimental Cohort Studies","volume":"80","author":"Federico","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_29","unstructured":"Association, A.H. (2023, December 19). Even Just 1 Alcoholic Drink a Day May Increase Blood Pressure. Available online: https:\/\/www.heart.org\/en\/news\/2023\/07\/31\/even-just-1-alcoholic-drink-a-day-may-increase-blood-pressure."},{"key":"ref_30","first-page":"6","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism and epigenetics changes","volume":"35","author":"Zakhari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2015.05.014","article-title":"Acetyl coenzyme A: A central metabolite and second messenger","volume":"21","author":"Pietrocola","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1700-7","article-title":"Alcohol metabolism contributes to brain histone acetylation","volume":"574","author":"Mews","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.10.010","article-title":"Microbiota-derived acetate enables the metabolic fitness of the brain innate immune system during health and disease","volume":"33","author":"Erny","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e59826","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.59826","article-title":"Microbiota-derived short chain fatty acids modulate microglia and promote A\u03b2 plaque deposition","volume":"10","author":"Colombo","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.11.018","article-title":"Gut Microbiota Regulate Motor Deficits and Neuroinflammation in a Model of Parkinson\u2019s Disease","volume":"167","author":"Sampson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18309","article-title":"Acetate mediates a microbiome-brain-\u03b2-cell axis to promote metabolic syndrome","volume":"534","author":"Perry","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.4161\/oxim.3.3.12288","article-title":"Acetaldehyde adducts in alcoholic liver disease","volume":"3","author":"Setshedi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"271","article-title":"The chemistry of acetaldehyde-protein adducts","volume":"1","author":"Tuma","year":"1991","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/35.5.458","article-title":"Evidence of acetaldehyde\u2013protein adduct formation in rat brain after lifelong consumption of ethanol","volume":"35","author":"Rintala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2018.07.032","article-title":"Acetaldehyde administration induces salsolinol formation in vivo in the dorsal striatum of Aldh2-knockout and C57BL\/6N mice","volume":"685","author":"Ito","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurosci. Lett."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.4137\/JEN.S25099","article-title":"From Ethanol to Salsolinol: Role of Ethanol Metabolites in the Effects of Ethanol","volume":"10","author":"Peana","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Exp. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675061","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2021.675061","article-title":"Ethanol-Dependent Synthesis of Salsolinol in the Posterior Ventral Tegmental Area as Key Mechanism of Ethanol\u2019s Action on Mesolimbic Dopamine","volume":"15","author":"Bassareo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00249","article-title":"The renaissance of acetaldehyde as a psychoactive compound: Decades in the making","volume":"8","author":"Correa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(87)90067-9","article-title":"Alcohol, acetaldehyde and salsolinol-induced alterations in functions of cerebral GABA\/benzodiazepine receptor complex","volume":"40","author":"Kuriyama","year":"1987","journal-title":"Physiol. Behav."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12034","article-title":"Microinjections of acetaldehyde or salsolinol into the posterior ventral tegmental area increase dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens shell","volume":"37","author":"Engleman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79S","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000078617.33026.AD","article-title":"In vivo study of salsolinol produced by a high concentration of acetaldehyde in the striatum and nucleus accumbens of free-moving rats","volume":"27","author":"Jamal","year":"2003","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(89)91021-4","article-title":"Acetaldehyde directly enhances MPP+ neurotoxicity and delays its elimination from the striatum","volume":"501","author":"Zuddas","year":"1989","journal-title":"Brain Res."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2593742","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2593742","article-title":"Acetaldehyde Induces Neurotoxicity In Vitro via Oxidative Stress- and Ca(2+) Imbalance-Mediated Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress","volume":"2019","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yan, T., and Zhao, Y. (2020). Acetaldehyde induces phosphorylation of dynamin-related protein 1 and mitochondrial dysfunction via elevating intracellular ROS and Ca2+ levels. Redox Biol., 28.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101381"},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2017.00081","article-title":"Mystic Acetaldehyde: The Never-Ending Story on Alcoholism","volume":"11","author":"Peana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Behav. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.omtm.2019.08.004","article-title":"Gene Therapy Correction of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase 2 Deficiency","volume":"15","author":"Matsumura","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Ther. Methods Clin. Dev."},{"key":"ref_52","first-page":"48","article-title":"Aldehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency as Cause of Facial Flushing Reaction to Alcohol in Japanese","volume":"19","author":"Goldman","year":"1995","journal-title":"Alcohol. Health Res. World"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"dmm049601","DOI":"10.1242\/dmm.049601","article-title":"ALDH2 variance in disease and populations","volume":"15","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Dis. Model. Mech."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1007\/s10038-003-0046-y","article-title":"Genetic deficiency of a mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase increases serum lipid peroxides in community-dwelling females","volume":"48","author":"Ohsawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Hum. Genet."},{"key":"ref_55","unstructured":"Stokes, M., and Abdijadid, S. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04637.x","article-title":"Disulfiram treatment increases plasma and red blood cell acetaldehyde in abstinent alcoholics","volume":"24","author":"Rosman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174143","article-title":"Advantages and disadvantages of disulfiram coadministered with popular addictive substances","volume":"904","author":"Kleczkowska","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eriksson, C.J. (2007). Measurement of acetaldehyde: What levels occur naturally and in response to alcohol?. Novartis Found. Symp., 285.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470511848.ch18"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1983.tb05414.x","article-title":"Human blood acetaldehyde levels: With improved methods, a clearer picture emerges","volume":"7","author":"Lindros","year":"1983","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_60","unstructured":"Lide, D.R. (1997). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC Press. [78th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"914","DOI":"10.1038\/124914a0","article-title":"The Oxidation of Acetaldehyde by Oxygen","volume":"124","author":"Bowen","year":"1929","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1039\/TF9514700721","article-title":"The oxidation of acetaldehyde in solution. Part I.\u2014The chemistry of the intermediate stages","volume":"47","author":"Bawn","year":"1951","journal-title":"Trans. Faraday Soc."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1602","article-title":"Iron chemistry at the service of life","volume":"69","author":"Sabio","year":"2017","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4445","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2005.08.016","article-title":"Peracetic acid (PAA) disinfection of primary, secondary and tertiary treated municipal wastewaters","volume":"39","author":"Koivunen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e264","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12750","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of peracetic acid: Evaluation of effects on metabolism, structure and cell death","volume":"51","author":"Viola","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. Endod. J."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1666","DOI":"10.1002\/cphc.201300130","article-title":"Molecule-induced peroxide homolysis","volume":"14","author":"Neuenschwander","year":"2013","journal-title":"Chemphyschem"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1021\/jo01268a025","article-title":"Homolytic decompositions of hydroperoxides. IV. Metal-catalyzed decompositions","volume":"33","author":"Hiatt","year":"1968","journal-title":"J. Org. Chem."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.2174\/157015909787602823","article-title":"Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases: A review of upstream and downstream antioxidant therapeutic options","volume":"7","author":"Uttara","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.1.6.3315807","article-title":"Free radical tissue damage: Protective role of antioxidant nutrients","volume":"1","author":"Machlin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Faseb J."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.78.4.564","article-title":"Mechanism of Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxyl Free Radical\u2013Induced Intracellular Acidification in Cultured Rat Cardiac Myoblasts","volume":"78","author":"Wu","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(95)03532-X","article-title":"Toxicity of iron and hydrogen peroxide: The Fenton reaction","volume":"82\u201383","author":"Winterbourn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Toxicol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123949","article-title":"Fenton-type process using peracetic acid: Efficiency, reaction elucidations and ecotoxicity","volume":"403","author":"Carlos","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Hazard. Mater."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1038\/nature24057","article-title":"Glucose feeds the TCA cycle via circulating lactate","volume":"551","author":"Hui","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1177\/193229680700100414","article-title":"Blood lactate measurements and analysis during exercise: A guide for clinicians","volume":"1","author":"Goodwin","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_75","unstructured":"Mathew, T.K., Zubair, M., and Tadi, P. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_76","unstructured":"Foucher, C.D., and Tubben, R.E. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1186\/s40170-014-0027-y","article-title":"Acetate metabolism in cancer cells","volume":"2","author":"Hosios","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Metab."},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"73","article-title":"Acetate levels in human plasma","volume":"6","author":"Richards","year":"1976","journal-title":"Proc. Clin. Dial. Transpl. Forum"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R21","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9966","article-title":"Plasma acetate, gluconate and interleukin-6 profiles during and after cardiopulmonary bypass: A comparison of Plasma-Lyte 148 with a bicarbonate-balanced solution","volume":"15","author":"Davies","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1448","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI111847","article-title":"Carbohydrate fermentation in the human colon and its relation to acetate concentrations in venous blood","volume":"75","author":"Pomare","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1787","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/25.10.1787","article-title":"Measurement of acetate in human blood by gas chromatography: Effects of sample preparation, feeding, and various diseases","volume":"25","author":"Tollinger","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(85)90090-4","article-title":"Elevated blood acetate as indicator of fast ethanol elimination in chronic alcoholics","volume":"2","author":"Nuutinen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13666","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.13666","article-title":"Measurement of cations, anions, and acetate in serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue by ion chromatography","volume":"6","author":"Chapp","year":"2018","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.8b00189","article-title":"Acetate Mediates Alcohol Excitotoxicity in Dopaminergic-like PC12 Cells","volume":"10","author":"Chapp","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.29.6.1278","article-title":"Effects of alcohol on sympathetic activity, hemodynamics, and chemoreflex sensitivity","volume":"29","author":"Mark","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_86","first-page":"339","article-title":"Acute effects of low doses of alcohol on the cardiovascular system in young men","volume":"45","author":"Morvai","year":"1988","journal-title":"Acta Med. Hung."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2093","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2011.01558.x","article-title":"Alcohol has a dose-related effect on parasympathetic nerve activity during sleep","volume":"35","author":"Sagawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10286-019-00618-8","article-title":"Alcohol-induced autonomic dysfunction: A systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Julian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Auton. Res."},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H305","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00743.2020","article-title":"Morning sympathetic activity after evening binge alcohol consumption","volume":"320","author":"Greenlund","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506293322601","article-title":"Suppression of Alcohol-Induced Hypertension by Dexamethasone","volume":"332","author":"Randin","year":"1995","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E771","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00674.2010","article-title":"Influence of acute alcohol ingestion on sympathetic neural responses to orthostatic stress in humans","volume":"300","author":"Carter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2009.226","article-title":"Physio-pathological effects of alcohol on the cardiovascular system: Its role in hypertension and cardiovascular disease","volume":"33","author":"Kawano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2468","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01207.2003","article-title":"Direct effect of ethanol on human vascular function","volume":"286","author":"Tawakol","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)00310-F","article-title":"Inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis attenuates alcohol consumption in two strains of alcohol-preferring rats","volume":"50","author":"Rezvani","year":"1995","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav."},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02618.x","article-title":"Ethanol Consumption Increases Nitric Oxide Production in Rats, and Its Peroxynitrite-Mediated Toxicity Is Attenuated by Polyenylphosphatidylcholine","volume":"26","author":"Baraona","year":"2002","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1985.161","article-title":"Effects of acetate and bicarbonate dialysate in stable chronic dialysis patients","volume":"28","author":"Hakim","year":"1985","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1159\/000183654","article-title":"Acetate versus Bicarbonate Hemodialysis in Critically Ill Patients","volume":"42","author":"Leunissen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1525-1594.1982.tb04130.x","article-title":"The role of acetate in the etiology of symptomatic hypotension","volume":"6","author":"Keshaviah","year":"1982","journal-title":"Artif. Organs"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1159\/000167500","article-title":"Acetate metabolism during hemodialysis: Metabolic considerations","volume":"7","author":"Vinay","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am. J. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(82)80078-4","article-title":"A critical examination of dialysis-induced hypotension","volume":"2","author":"Keshaviah","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1053\/ajkd.1998.v32.pm9669432","article-title":"Effect of acetate, bicarbonate dialysis, and acetate-free biofiltration on nitric oxide synthesis: Implications for dialysis hypotension","volume":"32","author":"Noris","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V891431","article-title":"Acetate intolerance is mediated by enhanced synthesis of nitric oxide by endothelial cells","volume":"8","author":"Amore","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/288373a0","article-title":"The obligatory role of endothelial cells in the relaxation of arterial smooth muscle by acetylcholine","volume":"288","author":"Furchgott","year":"1980","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S193","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706458","article-title":"The discovery of nitric oxide and its role in vascular biology","volume":"147","author":"Moncada","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90403-6","article-title":"Biosynthesis of nitric oxide from L-arginine. A pathway for the regulation of cell function and communication","volume":"38","author":"Moncada","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.90953","article-title":"Vinegar intake enhances flow-mediated vasodilatation via upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity","volume":"74","author":"Sakakibara","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(69)90510-9","article-title":"Acute hemodynamic effects of ethanol on normal human volunteers","volume":"78","author":"Riff","year":"1969","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem-61-1-37","article-title":"Alcohol stimulation of renin release in man: Its relation to the hemodynamic, electrolyte, and sympatho-adrenal responses to drinking","volume":"61","author":"Puddey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_109","unstructured":"Jain, A., Yelamanchili, V.S., Brown, K.N., and Goel, A. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.49.2.174","article-title":"Acute cardiovascular effects of ethanol A controlled non-invasive study","volume":"49","author":"Kupari","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1838(95)00022-P","article-title":"Effect of oral ethanol intake on muscle sympathetic nerve activity and cardiovascular functions in humans","volume":"54","author":"Iwase","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Auton. Nerv. Syst."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0980401","article-title":"Ethanol effects on cardiomyocyte contractility","volume":"98","author":"Delbridge","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.48.2.378","article-title":"Depression of myocardial contractility with low doses of ethanol in normal man","volume":"48","author":"Ahmed","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Sol\u00e0, J. (2020). The Effects of Ethanol on the Heart: Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020572"},{"key":"ref_115","first-page":"H122","article-title":"Chronic alcohol-induced changes in cardiac contractility are not due to changes in the cytosolic Ca2+ transient","volume":"275","author":"Figueredo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02005829","article-title":"Acetate-induced changes in cardiac energy metabolism and hemodynamics in the rat","volume":"83","author":"Kiviluoma","year":"1988","journal-title":"Basic. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1988.tb00132.x","article-title":"Acute Cardiovascular and Metabolic Effects of Acetate in Men","volume":"12","author":"Suokas","year":"1988","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111156","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2022.1111156","article-title":"Acetate suppresses myocardial contraction via the short-chain fatty acid receptor GPR43","volume":"13","author":"Jiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.120.000187","article-title":"Acetate, a Short-Chain Fatty Acid, Acutely Lowers Heart Rate and Cardiac Contractility Along with Blood Pressure","volume":"377","author":"Poll","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000088351.58510.21","article-title":"Nitric Oxide and Cardiac Function","volume":"93","author":"Massion","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1631560","article-title":"Negative inotropic effects of cytokines on the heart mediated by nitric oxide","volume":"257","author":"Finkel","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_122","unstructured":"Shaaban, A., Gangwani, M.K., Pendela, V.S., and Vindhyal, M.R. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009459","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.121.009459","article-title":"Alcohol Intake in Patients With Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure: Consensus and Controversy","volume":"15","author":"Andersson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_124","unstructured":"Riddick, J.A., Bunger, W.B., and Sakano, T.K. (1986). Organic Solvents: Physical Properties and Methods of Purification, Wiley. [4th ed.]."},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"160","article-title":"Ionisation constants of organic acids in aqueous solution","volume":"23","author":"Serjeant","year":"1979","journal-title":"IUPAC Chem. Data Ser."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1089\/wound.2014.0554","article-title":"Antibiofilm Properties of Acetic Acid","volume":"4","author":"Bjarnsholt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv. Wound Care"},{"key":"ref_127","unstructured":"Koob, G.F., Arends, M.A., and Le Moal, M. (2014). Drugs, Addiction, and the Brain, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"8","article-title":"Individual susceptibility and alcohol effects:biochemical and genetic aspects","volume":"42","author":"Gemma","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann. Ist. Super. Sanita"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.06200615","article-title":"Bicarbonate Concentration, Acid-Base Status, and Mortality in the Health, Aging, and Body Composition Study","volume":"11","author":"Raphael","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"ref_130","unstructured":"Burger, M., and Schaller, D.J. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_131","unstructured":"Hopkins, E., Sanvictores, T., and Sharma, S. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.01.036","article-title":"Metabolic Acidosis in CKD: Core Curriculum 2019","volume":"74","author":"Raphael","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"ref_133","unstructured":"Armstrong, M., Kerndt, C.C., and Moore, R.A. (2023). StatPearls, StatPearls Publishing."},{"key":"ref_134","first-page":"1373","article-title":"Baroreceptor Modulation of the Cardiovascular System, Pain, Consciousness, and Cognition","volume":"11","author":"Mamoun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_135","first-page":"R872","article-title":"Chemoreceptor and baroreceptor inputs to ventrolateral medullary neurons","volume":"247","author":"Caverson","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.094151","article-title":"Interaction of chemoreceptor and baroreceptor reflexes by hypoxia and hypercapnia\u2014A mechanism for promoting hypertension in obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"568","author":"Cooper","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.08.001","article-title":"Neural Control of Breathing and CO2 Homeostasis","volume":"87","author":"Guyenet","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272075","article-title":"Contribution of peripheral and central chemoreceptors to sympatho-excitation in heart failure","volume":"595","author":"Toledo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H701","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00005.2014","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation and pressor responses induced by ethanol in the central nucleus of amygdala involves activation of NMDA receptors in rats","volume":"307","author":"Chapp","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90385-9","article-title":"Ethanol affects sympathetic cotransmission and endothelium-dependent relaxation in the rat","volume":"254","author":"Brizzolara","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H837","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00958.2011","article-title":"Enhanced catabolism to acetaldehyde in rostral ventrolateral medullary neurons accounts for the pressor effect of ethanol in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"302","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.7.4.519","article-title":"Chronic ethanol consumption, stress, and hypertension","volume":"7","author":"Chan","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198900076-00007","article-title":"Effects of alcohol intake on blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in normotensive humans: A preliminary report","volume":"7","author":"Grassi","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hypertens. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e328342b2a9","article-title":"Potentiated sympathetic and hemodynamic responses to alcohol in hypertensive vs. normotensive individuals","volume":"29","author":"Hering","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"930","DOI":"10.1038\/ajh.2008.189","article-title":"Increased circulating vasopressin may account for ethanol-induced hypertension in rats","volume":"21","author":"Resstel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1211\/jpp.59.7.0011","article-title":"Effect of ethanol consumption on blood pressure and rat mesenteric arterial bed, aorta and carotid responsiveness","volume":"59","author":"Tirapelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0660643","article-title":"Acute effects of moderate alcohol consumption on blood pressure and plasma catecholamines","volume":"66","author":"Ireland","year":"1984","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198908000-00013","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of intermittent drinking: Assessment of a novel animal model of human alcoholism","volume":"7","author":"Crandall","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.alcalc.a008327","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight metabolites relevant to ethanol metabolism: Correlation with alcohol withdrawal severity and utility for identification of alcoholics","volume":"32","author":"Pronko","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol. Alcohol."},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI65153","article-title":"Increased brain uptake and oxidation of acetate in heavy drinkers","volume":"123","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.2c00784","article-title":"Ethanol Metabolite, Acetate, Increases Excitability of the Central Nucleus of Amygdala Neurons through Activation of NMDA Receptors","volume":"14","author":"Chapp","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Chem. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7282834","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/7282834","article-title":"Long-Term High Salt Intake Involves Reduced SK Currents and Increased Excitability of PVN Neurons with Projections to the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla in Rats","volume":"2017","author":"Chapp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00182","article-title":"High Salt Intake Augments Excitability of PVN Neurons in Rats: Role of the Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+ Store","volume":"11","author":"Larson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1547","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00832.2014","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation in ANG II-salt hypertension involves reduced SK channel function in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"308","author":"Larson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.0000085197.20043.44","article-title":"Sympathoexcitation by PVN-injected bicuculline requires activation of excitatory amino acid receptors","volume":"42","author":"Chen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4235","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.175364","article-title":"Excitability of paraventricular nucleus neurones that project to the rostral ventrolateral medulla is regulated by small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels","volume":"587","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00094.2009","article-title":"In vivo discharge properties of hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus neurons with axonal projections to the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"103","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.118935","article-title":"Excess dietary salt alters angiotensinergic regulation of neurons in the rostral ventrolateral medulla","volume":"52","author":"Adams","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1038\/hr.2011.208","article-title":"Importance of rostral ventrolateral medulla neurons in determining efferent sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure","volume":"35","author":"Kumagai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.12179","article-title":"Role of rostral ventrolateral medullary ERK\/JNK\/p38 MAPK signaling in the pressor effects of ethanol and its oxidative product acetaldehyde","volume":"37","author":"Fan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00357-z","article-title":"Brain ethanol metabolism by astrocytic ALDH2 drives the behavioural effects of ethanol intoxication","volume":"3","author":"Jin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Metab."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.00104","article-title":"Expression of Proinflammatory Cytokines Is Upregulated in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus of Dahl Salt-Sensitive Hypertensive Rats","volume":"9","author":"Jiang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2467382","article-title":"Ethanol inhibits NMDA-activated ion current in hippocampal neurons","volume":"243","author":"Lovinger","year":"1989","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00659.2020","article-title":"The Ethanol Metabolite Acetic Acid Activates Mouse Nucleus Accumbens Shell Medium Spiny Neurons","volume":"125","author":"Chapp","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1038\/336385a0","article-title":"Endothelium-derived relaxing factor release on activation of NMDA receptors suggests role as intercellular messenger in the brain","volume":"336","author":"Garthwaite","year":"1988","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2010.06.001","article-title":"Nitric oxide and neuronal death","volume":"23","author":"Brown","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17483","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0503624102","article-title":"Concentration dynamics of nitric oxide in rat hippocampal subregions evoked by stimulation of the NMDA glutamate receptor","volume":"102","author":"Ledo","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1089\/152308601300185223","article-title":"Nitric oxide and blood-brain barrier integrity","volume":"3","author":"Thiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2009.06.021","article-title":"Activity-dependent regulation of synapses by retrograde messengers","volume":"63","author":"Regehr","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhq281","article-title":"Nitric Oxide Signaling Modulates Synaptic Transmission during Early Postnatal Development","volume":"21","author":"Veres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereb. Cortex"},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F\u00f6rstermann, U., and Sessa, W.C. (2012). Nitric oxide synthases: Regulation and function. Eur. Heart J., 33.","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr304"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araki, S., Osuka, K., Takata, T., Tsuchiya, Y., and Watanabe, Y. (2020). Coordination between Calcium\/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II and Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Neurons. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21217997"},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-018-02987-4","article-title":"Nitric oxide signalling and antidepressant action revisited","volume":"377","author":"Joca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1478","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00209.2009","article-title":"Nitric oxide in rostral ventrolateral medulla regulates cardiac-sympathetic reflexes: Role of synthase isoforms","volume":"297","author":"Guo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.30.3.704","article-title":"Excitatory Effects of Nitric Oxide Within the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla of Freely Moving Rats","volume":"30","author":"Lopes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(00)01182-1","article-title":"Nitric oxide is an excitatory modulator in the rostral ventrolateral medulla in rats","volume":"13","author":"Morimoto","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/14728222.2017.1265505","article-title":"Post-translational regulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase: Implications for sympathoexcitatory states","volume":"21","author":"Sharma","year":"2017","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_178","first-page":"R864","article-title":"Nitric oxide within the paraventricular nucleus mediates changes in renal sympathetic nerve activity","volume":"273","author":"Zhang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H995","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.3.H995","article-title":"Blunted nitric oxide-mediated inhibition of renal nerve discharge within PVN of rats with heart failure","volume":"281","author":"Zhang","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2276","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00562.2011","article-title":"Nitric oxide synthase, ADMA, SDMA, and nitric oxide activity in the paraventricular nucleus throughout the etiology of renal wrap hypertension","volume":"302","author":"Northcott","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(08)60670-4","article-title":"Effects of ethanol on ion channels","volume":"39","author":"Crews","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.12.6.717","article-title":"The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus\u2014A potential target for integrative treatment of autonomic dysfunction","volume":"12","author":"Ferguson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Ther. Targets"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R301","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00114.2012","article-title":"Role of small conductance calcium-activated potassium channels expressed in PVN in regulating sympathetic nerve activity and arterial blood pressure in rats","volume":"303","author":"Gui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.87.5.2287","article-title":"Noradrenaline excites and inhibits GABAergic transmission in parvocellular neurons of rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus","volume":"87","author":"Han","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol."},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1075","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00822.2016","article-title":"Increased activity of the orexin system in the paraventricular nucleus contributes to salt-sensitive hypertension","volume":"313","author":"Huber","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.149732","article-title":"Pre- and postsynaptic plasticity underlying augmented glutamatergic inputs to hypothalamic presympathetic neurons in spontaneously hypertensive rats","volume":"586","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4439","DOI":"10.1113\/JP270831","article-title":"Endogenous casein kinase-1 modulates NMDA receptor activity of hypothalamic presympathetic neurons and sympathetic outflow in hypertension","volume":"593","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10690","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2141-17.2017","article-title":"CaMKII Regulates Synaptic NMDA Receptor Activity of Hypothalamic Presympathetic Neurons and Sympathetic Outflow in Hypertension","volume":"37","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab031","article-title":"Impaired Kv7 channel activity in the central amygdala contributes to elevated sympathetic outflow in hypertension","volume":"118","author":"Sheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7604","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5328-03.2004","article-title":"Suprachiasmatic GABAergic inputs to the paraventricular nucleus control plasma glucose concentrations in the rat via sympathetic innervation of the liver","volume":"24","author":"Kalsbeek","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4645","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2009.173435","article-title":"Regulation of tonic GABA inhibitory function, presympathetic neuronal activity and sympathetic outflow from the paraventricular nucleus by astroglial GABA transporters","volume":"587","author":"Park","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2328","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2001.281.6.H2328","article-title":"NMDA-mediated increase in renal sympathetic nerve discharge within the PVN: Role of nitric oxide","volume":"281","author":"Li","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_193","first-page":"R728","article-title":"Effect of nitric oxide within the paraventricular nucleus on renal sympathetic nerve discharge: Role of GABA","volume":"275","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.10.027","article-title":"Glutamatergic transmission in the central nucleus of the amygdala is selectively altered in Marchigian Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats: Alcohol and CRF effects","volume":"102","author":"Herman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10159","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3004-04.2004","article-title":"Increased GABA Release in the Central Amygdala of Ethanol-Dependent Rats","volume":"24","author":"Roberto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6842","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0733-20.2020","article-title":"Alcohol Dependence and Withdrawal Impair Serotonergic Regulation of GABA Transmission in the Rat Central Nucleus of the Amygdala","volume":"40","author":"Khom","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108997","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2022.108997","article-title":"Noradrenergic circuits and signaling in substance use disorders","volume":"208","author":"Downs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2020.12.026","article-title":"Amygdala Circuit Substrates for Stress Adaptation and Adversity","volume":"89","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol. Psychiatry"},{"key":"ref_199","first-page":"385","article-title":"Alcohol-induced hypertension: Mechanisms, complications, and clinical implications","volume":"77","author":"Clark","year":"1985","journal-title":"J. Natl. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaax4043","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aax4043","article-title":"Advances in the science and treatment of alcohol use disorder","volume":"5","author":"Witkiewitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci. Adv."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2015","article-title":"Unhealthy Alcohol Use","volume":"326","author":"Patel","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-022-01473-4","article-title":"Intoxicating effects of alcohol depend on acid-sensing ion channels","volume":"48","author":"Harmata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.91.2.305","article-title":"Effects of lowering extracellular and cytosolic pH on calcium fluxes, cytosolic calcium levels, and transmitter release in presynaptic nerve terminals isolated from rat brain","volume":"91","author":"Drapeau","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3611","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4611","article-title":"The short-chain fatty acid acetate reduces appetite via a central homeostatic mechanism","volume":"5","author":"Frost","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14173","article-title":"Effects of Alcohol and Acetate on Cerebral Blood Flow: A Pilot Study","volume":"43","author":"Tanabe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.09.026","article-title":"Ethanol potentiates both GABAergic and glutamatergic signaling in the lateral habenula","volume":"113","author":"Zuo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"ref_207","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2012.00879.x","article-title":"Acute Effects of Ethanol on Glutamate Receptors","volume":"111","author":"Korpi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Basic. Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5077-03.2004","article-title":"Acute and chronic ethanol alter glutamatergic transmission in rat central amygdala: An in vitro and in vivo analysis","volume":"24","author":"Roberto","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"ref_209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2008.99","article-title":"Ethanol Facilitates Glutamatergic Transmission to Dopamine Neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area","volume":"34","author":"Xiao","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300081","article-title":"Alcohol Stimulates the Release of Dopamine in the Ventral Pallidum but not in the Globus Pallidus: A Dual-Probe Microdialysis Study","volume":"28","author":"Melendez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"ref_211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(92)90004-T","article-title":"Alcohol stimulates the release of dopamine and serotonin in the nucleus accumbens","volume":"9","author":"Yoshimoto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_212","first-page":"114","article-title":"Serotonin\u2019s role in alcohol\u2019s effects on the brain","volume":"21","author":"Lovinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Alcohol. Health Res. World"},{"key":"ref_213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevNeurobiol.v14.i1.40","article-title":"Ethanol and NMDA receptor signaling","volume":"14","author":"Woodward","year":"2000","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Neurobiol."},{"key":"ref_214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00720.x","article-title":"Excitotoxicity and alcohol-related brain damage","volume":"17","author":"Lovinger","year":"1993","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000113416.65546.01","article-title":"Alcohol-induced neurodegeneration: When, where and why?","volume":"28","author":"Crews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Alcohol. Clin. Exp. Res."},{"key":"ref_216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-7340-6_48","article-title":"Acute ethanol-induced changes in cerebral blood flow","volume":"151","author":"Kuikka","year":"1995","journal-title":"Radioact. Isot. Clin. Med. Res."},{"key":"ref_217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(98)00005-6","article-title":"Time-dependent effects of acute ethanol administration on regional cerebral blood flow in the rat","volume":"16","author":"Lyons","year":"1998","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/12.2.127","article-title":"Myocardial depressant effects of sodium acetate","volume":"12","author":"Kirkendol","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_219","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H1027","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00480.2006","article-title":"Ethanol and cardiac function","volume":"291","author":"Leiris","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.02.027","article-title":"Ethanol dilates coronary arteries and increases coronary flow via transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 and calcitonin gene-related peptide","volume":"70","author":"Gazzieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-92767-y","article-title":"Impact of acute ethanol intake on cardiac autonomic regulation","volume":"11","author":"Brunner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"ref_222","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5291","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.16818","article-title":"Green tea extracts alleviate acetic acid-induced oral inflammation and reconstruct oral microbial balance in mice","volume":"88","author":"Pan","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1177\/00220345211024528","article-title":"CBD Promotes Oral Ulcer Healing via Inhibiting CMPK2-Mediated Inflammasome","volume":"101","author":"Qi","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dent. Res."},{"key":"ref_224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3109\/00365528909091112","article-title":"Healing process of experimental esophageal ulcers induced by acetic acid in rats","volume":"162","author":"Tsuji","year":"1989","journal-title":"Scand. J. Gastroenterol. Suppl."},{"key":"ref_225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(89)91563-1","article-title":"Delayed healing of acetic acid-induced gastric ulcers in rats by indomethacin","volume":"96","author":"Wang","year":"1989","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(91)90455-T","article-title":"Acute intestinal injury induced by acetic acid and casein: Prevention by intraluminal misoprostol","volume":"101","author":"Miller","year":"1991","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref_227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000129209","article-title":"Acetic Acid-Induced Colitis in the Rat: A Reproducible Experimental Model for Acute Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"24","author":"Fabia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Surg. Res."},{"key":"ref_228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-8329(95)02052-7","article-title":"Expression and activities of class IV alcohol dehydrogenase and class III aldehyde dehydrogenase in human mouth","volume":"13","author":"Dong","year":"1996","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"ref_229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2006.03207.x","article-title":"Alcohol-induced gastritis prevents oral tolerance induction in mice","volume":"146","author":"Andrade","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1111\/nure.12027","article-title":"Ethanol metabolism and its effects on the intestinal epithelial barrier","volume":"71","author":"Elamin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr. Rev."},{"key":"ref_231","first-page":"163","article-title":"Alcohol and Gut-Derived Inflammation","volume":"38","author":"Bishehsari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol. Res."},{"key":"ref_232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2004.10.005","article-title":"Metabolism of Alcohol","volume":"9","author":"Lieber","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Liver Dis."},{"key":"ref_233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-7258(90)90032-W","article-title":"Mechanism of ethanol induced hepatic injury","volume":"46","author":"Lieber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_234","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1990.68.2.731","article-title":"Mechanism of ethanol-induced vasodilation","volume":"68","author":"Malpas","year":"1990","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.2174\/157488407780598135","article-title":"Ethanol metabolism and effects: Nitric oxide and its interaction","volume":"2","author":"Deng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614538","article-title":"Ethanol increases endothelial nitric oxide production through modulation of nitric oxide synthase expression","volume":"81","author":"Venkov","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb. Haemost."},{"key":"ref_237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmad, A., Dempsey, S.K., Daneva, Z., Azam, M., Li, N., Li, P.L., and Ritter, J.K. (2018). Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular and Renal Systems. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092605"},{"key":"ref_238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-6175.2006.06032.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide in hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Hermann","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"key":"ref_239","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.30.3.405","article-title":"Reduced plasma concentrations of nitrogen oxide in individuals with essential hypertension","volume":"30","author":"Node","year":"1997","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"ref_240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007053230105","article-title":"Abnormal endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"323","author":"Panza","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/2\/139\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T13:47:51Z","timestamp":1760104071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/2\/139"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]},"references-count":240,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox13020139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13020139","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]]}}}