{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:40:29Z","timestamp":1790826029424,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]],"date-time":"2024-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1707782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200017"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200110"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia","award":["5354\u2014HYDIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5354\u2014HYDIS"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, Program PRISMA","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200017"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, Program PRISMA","award":["200110"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["200110"]}]},{"name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia, Program PRISMA","award":["5354\u2014HYDIS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5354\u2014HYDIS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Nanoparticles (NPs), a distinct class of particles ranging in size from 1 to 100 nm, are one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century, and titanium dioxide NPs (TiO2 NPs) are among the most widely produced and used NPs globally. The increased application of TiO2 NPs raises concerns regarding their global safety and risks of exposure. Many animal studies have reported the accumulation of TiO2 NPs in female reproductive organs; however, evidence of the resultant toxicity remains ambiguous. Since the surface area and chemical modifications of NPs can significantly change their cytotoxicity, we aimed to compare the toxic effects of pristine TiO2 powder with surface-modified TiO2 powders with salicylic acid (TiO2\/SA) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (TiO2\/5-ASA) on the ovaries, oviducts, and uterus on the 14th day following acute oral treatment. The results, based on alterations in food and water intake, body mass, organ-to-body mass ratio, hormonal status, histological features of tissues of interest, and antioxidant parameters, suggest that the modification with 5-ASA can mitigate some of the observed toxic effects of TiO2 powder and encourage future investigations to create NPs that can potentially reduce the harmful effects of TiO2 NPs while preserving their positive impacts.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13020231","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,14]],"date-time":"2024-02-14T06:59:26Z","timestamp":1707893966000},"page":"231","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Comparable Toxicity of Surface-Modified TiO2 Nanoparticles: An In Vivo Experimental Study on Reproductive Toxicity in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2074-1637","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Todorovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9575-0960","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Bobi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4471-334X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filip","family":"Veljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physical Chemistry, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4573-2371","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sne\u017eana","family":"Peji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2720-4148","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sofija","family":"Glumac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0890-535X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sanja","family":"Stankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Medical Biochemistry, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, 550601 Kragujevac, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tijana","family":"Milovanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Public Company \u201cNuclear Facilities of Serbia\u201d, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9364-2616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ivana","family":"Vukoje","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jovan M.","family":"Nedeljkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Chemistry and Physics, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanja","family":"Radojevi\u0107 \u0160kodri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sne\u017eana B.","family":"Pajovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1448-9639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dunja","family":"Drakuli\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, VIN\u010cA Institute of Nuclear Sciences\u2014National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horikoshi, S., and Serpone, N. 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