{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T15:59:28Z","timestamp":1777651168101,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708473600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K12HD111057-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K12HD111057-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000071","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL158507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL158507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1K12HD111057-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1K12HD111057-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P01HL158507"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P01HL158507"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>S-nitrosothiols are endogenous, bioactive molecules. S-nitrosothiols are implicated in many diseases, including sepsis. It is currently cumbersome to measure S-nitrosothiols clinically. We have previously developed an instrument to measure tissue S-nitrosothiols non-invasively using ultraviolet light. We have performed a prospective case control study of controls and children with sepsis admitted to the PICU. We hypothesized that tissue S-nitrosothiols would be higher in septic patients than controls. Controls were patients with no cardiopulmonary instability. Cases were patients with septic shock. We measured S-nitrosothiols, both at diagnosis and after resolution of shock. A total of 44 patients were enrolled: 21 controls and 23 with sepsis. At baseline, the controls were younger [median age 5 years (IQR 0, 9) versus 11 years (IQR: 6, 16), p-value = 0.012], had fewer comorbidities [7 (33.3%) vs. 20 (87.0%), p-value &lt; 0.001], and had lower PELOD scores [0 (IQR: 0, 0) vs. 12 (IQR: 11, 21), p-value &lt; 0.001]. S-nitrosothiol levels were higher in sepsis cohort (1.1 ppb vs. 0.8 ppb, p = 0.004). Five patients with sepsis had longitudinal measures and had a downtrend after resolution of shock (1.3 ppb vs. 0.9 ppb, p = 0.04). We dichotomized patients based on S-nitrosothiol levels and found an association with worse clinical outcomes, but further work will be needed to validate these findings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030263","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T08:43:48Z","timestamp":1708505028000},"page":"263","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["In Vivo Analysis of Tissue S-Nitrosothiols in Pediatric Sepsis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8198-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel T.","family":"Cater","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Clem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nadzeya","family":"Marozkina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Gaston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, Riley Hospital for Children, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"The Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"},{"name":"Crossroads Pediatric Device Consortium, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32989-7","article-title":"Global, regional, and national sepsis incidence and mortality, 1990\u20132017: Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study","volume":"395","author":"Rudd","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E2","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.160798","article-title":"Reducing the global burden of sepsis","volume":"189","author":"Dugani","year":"2017","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(18)30063-8","article-title":"The global burden of paediatric and neonatal sepsis: A systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Goldfarb","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Respir. 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