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However, the whole status of molecules involved in the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS) is unknown. Therefore, we analyzed the OXPHOS transcriptome of human cardiac tissue by RNA-seq analyses (mRNA n = 36; ncRNA n = 30) in HF patients (ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM)) and control subjects. We detected 28 altered genes in these patients, highlighting greater deregulation in ICM. Specifically, we found a general overexpression of complex V (ATP synthase) elements, among them, ATP5I (ICM, FC = 2.04; p &lt; 0.01), ATP5MJ (ICM, FC = 1.33, p &lt; 0.05), and ATP5IF1 (ICM, FC = 1.81; p &lt; 0.001), which presented a significant correlation with established echocardiographic parameters of cardiac remodeling and ventricular function as follows: left ventricular end-systolic (p &lt; 0.01) and end-diastolic (p &lt; 0.01) diameters, and ejection fraction (p &lt; 0.05). We also detected an increase in ATP5IF1 protein levels (ICM, FC = 1.75; p &lt; 0.01) and alterations in the microRNA expression levels of miR-208b-3p (ICM, FC = \u22121.44, p &lt; 0.001), miR-483-3p (ICM, FC = 1.37, p &lt; 0.01), regulators of ATP5I. Therefore, we observed the deregulation of the OXPHOS transcriptome in ICM patients, highlighting the overexpression of complex V and its relationship with cardiac remodeling and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030285","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,26]],"date-time":"2024-02-26T07:51:39Z","timestamp":1708933899000},"page":"285","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Alterations in Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation System: Relationship of Complex V and Cardiac Dysfunction in Human Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0872-1318","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Isaac","family":"Gim\u00e9nez-Escamilla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Translational Research in Cardiology Unit, Health Research Institute Hospital La Fe (IIS La Fe), Avd. 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