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Despite the increasing prevalence of NAFLD, the absence of an approved effective pharmacological treatment with demonstrable effectiveness persists. In this context, the aim of the present study is to assess the effect of Gracilaria vermiculophylla red seaweed dietary supplementation on hepatic lipid accumulation, as well as on oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis- related markers on obese fa\/fa Zucker rats fed with a standard diet, supplemented or not with 2.5% or 5% dehydrated Gracilaria vermiculophylla. After a six-week supplementation with the macroalga, no significant reduction in hepatic total lipid content or hepatic triglyceride content was observed. However, both doses were able to diminish hepatic NEFA concentration by reducing de novo lipogenesis and increasing mitochondrial biogenesis. Moreover, supplementation with the dose of 2.5% improved some oxidative stress and inflammation-related markers. Supplementation with the dose of 5% did not exert these clear beneficial effects. Thus, this study demonstrates that while Gracilaria vermiculophylla may not mitigate hepatic steatosis, it could exert protective effects on the liver by reducing NEFA content and enhancing oxidative stress and inflammation parameters.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13030369","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,19]],"date-time":"2024-03-19T04:36:31Z","timestamp":1710822991000},"page":"369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effect of Gracilaria vermiculophylla Macroalga on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1194-5099","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maitane","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arceo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6965-4358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leixuri","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Teresa","family":"Macarulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2220-0612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cl\u00e0udia","family":"Gil-Pitarch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6446-9911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luz","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Chantar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Enfermedades Hep\u00e1ticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0210-6549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda P.","family":"Portillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6110-6605","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saioa","family":"G\u00f3mez-Zorita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Obesity Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy and Lucio Lascaray Research Centre, University of the Basque Country (UPV\/EHU), 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"},{"name":"CIBERobn Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, National Institute of Health Carlos III, 28222 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"BIOARABA Health Research Institute, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S32","DOI":"10.3350\/cmh.2022.0365","article-title":"Global incidence and prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"29","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin. 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