{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T02:15:21Z","timestamp":1789006521239,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]],"date-time":"2024-04-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714262400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A3053818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A3053818"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Gyeongsang National University","award":["NRF-2022R1I1A3053818"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2022R1I1A3053818"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of an ethanol extract of Sophora flavescens Aiton (ESF) on an alcohol-induced liver disease mouse model. Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) was caused by the administration of ethanol to male C57\/BL6 mice who were given a Lieber\u2212DeCarli liquid diet, including ethanol. The alcoholic fatty liver disease mice were orally administered ESF (100 and 200 mg\/kg bw\/day) or silymarin (50 mg\/kg bw\/day), which served as a positive control every day for 16 days. The findings suggest that ESF enhances hepatoprotective benefits by significantly decreasing serum levels of aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT), markers for liver injury. Furthermore, ESF alleviated the accumulation of triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC), increased serum levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and improved serum alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity in the alcoholic fatty liver disease mice model. Cells and organisms rely on the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1- Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Keap1-Nrf2) system as a critical defensive mechanism in response to oxidative stress. Therefore, Nrf2 plays an important role in ALD antioxidant responses, and its level is decreased by increased reactive oxidation stress (ROS) in the liver. ESF increased Nrf2, which was decreased in ethanol-damaged livers. Additionally, four polyphenol compounds were identified through a qualitative analysis of the ESF using LC-MS\/MS. This study confirmed ESF\u2019s antioxidative and hangover-elimination effects and suggested the possibility of using Sophora flavescens Aiton (SF) to treat ALD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13050541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T10:33:31Z","timestamp":1714559611000},"page":"541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Liquid Chromatography\/Tandem Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Sophora flavescens Aiton and Protective Effects against Alcohol-Induced Liver Injury and Oxidative Stress in Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Ye Jin","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4419-5850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju-Hye","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji Woong","family":"Heo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hun Hwan","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6874-6787","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Woo H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gon Sup","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7552-6416","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hu-Jang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2471-2611","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Youn","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Korean Medicine (KM) Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0199-8090","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kwang Il","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","first-page":"147","article-title":"Alcoholic Liver Disease: Pathogenesis and Current Management","volume":"38","author":"Osna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Alcohol. 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