{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:31:31Z","timestamp":1787027491625,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715472000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Halophyte species represent valuable reservoirs of natural antioxidants, and, among these, Salicornia europaea stands out as a promising edible plant. In this study, young and old S. europaea leaves were compared for the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity to assess changes in different growth phases; then, the potential protective effects against low-dose CCl4-induced toxicant-associated fatty liver disease (TAFLD) were investigated by administering an aqueous suspension of young leaves to rats daily for two weeks. Quantification of total and individual phenolic compounds and in vitro antioxidant activity assays (DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC) showed the highest values in young leaves compared to mature ones. Salicornia treatment mitigated CCl4-induced hepatic oxidative stress, reducing lipid peroxidation and protein carbonyl levels, and preserving the decrease in glutathione levels. Electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy confirmed these results in the liver and evidenced free radicals increase prevention in the brain. Salicornia treatment also attenuated enzymatic disruptions in the liver\u2019s drug metabolizing system and Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes. Furthermore, histopathological examination revealed reduced hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation. Overall, this study highlights Salicornia\u2019s potential as a source of bioactive compounds with effective hepatoprotective properties capable to prevent TAFLD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13050596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,14]],"date-time":"2024-05-14T08:59:37Z","timestamp":1715677177000},"page":"596","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Assessment of the Antioxidant and Hypolipidemic Properties of Salicornia europaea for the Prevention of TAFLD in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8101-7319","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aymen","family":"Souid","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucia","family":"Giambastiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6481-4570","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antonella","family":"Castagna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5639-1782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marco","family":"Santin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8734-0985","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio","family":"Vivarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-1698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Donatella","family":"Canistro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4022-0900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Camilla","family":"Morosini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moreno","family":"Paolini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 48, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Franchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lucarini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry \u201cG. Ciamician\u201d, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014University of Bologna, Via S. Giacomo 11, 40126 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6094-835X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Raffaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"},{"name":"Crop Science Research Center, Scuola Superiore Sant\u2019Anna, Piazza Martiri della Libert\u00e0 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3295-4549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucia","family":"Giorgetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annamaria","family":"Ranieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Agricultural, Food and Agro-Environmental Sciences, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luisa","family":"Pozzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1823-2865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea","family":"Vornoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology\u2014National Research Council (IBBA-CNR), Via Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO (2020). 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