{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T12:45:55Z","timestamp":1787834755797,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]],"date-time":"2024-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"NUTRAMED Consortium","award":["PON03PE 00078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON03PE 00078"]}]},{"name":"Herbal and Antioxidant Derivatives (H&amp;AD) S.r.l., Bianco (RC), Italy","award":["PON03PE 00078"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PON03PE 00078"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bergamot flavonoids have been shown to prevent metabolic syndrome, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and stimulate autophagy in animal models and patients. To investigate further the mechanism of polyphenol-dependent effects, we performed a RT2-PCR array analysis on 168 metabolism, transport and autophagy-related genes expressed in rat livers exposed for 14 weeks to different diets: standard, cafeteria (CAF) and CAF diet supplemented with 50 mg\/kg of bergamot polyphenol fraction (BPF). CAF diet caused a strong upregulation of gluconeogenesis pathway (Gck, Pck2) and a moderate (&gt;1.7 fold) induction of genes regulating lipogenesis (Srebf1, Pparg, Xbp1), lipid and cholesterol transport or lipolysis (Fabp3, Apoa1, Lpl) and inflammation (Il6, Il10, Tnf). However, only one \u03b2-oxidation gene (Cpt1a) and a few autophagy genes were differentially expressed in CAF rats compared to controls. While most of these transcripts were significantly modulated by BPF, we observed a particularly potent effect on lipogenesis genes, like Acly, Acaca and Fasn, which were suppressed far below the mRNA levels of control livers as confirmed by alternative primers-based RT2-PCR analysis and western blotting. These effects were accompanied by downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Il6, Tnfa, and Il10) and diabetes-related genes. Few autophagy (Map1Lc3a, Dapk) and no \u03b2-oxidation gene expression changes were observed compared to CAF group. In conclusion, chronic BPF supplementation efficiently prevents NAFLD by modulating hepatic energy metabolism and inflammation gene expression programs, with no effect on \u03b2-oxidation, but profound suppression of de novo lipogenesis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070766","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T05:11:39Z","timestamp":1719465099000},"page":"766","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Dramatic Suppression of Lipogenesis and No Increase in Beta-Oxidation Gene Expression Are among the Key Effects of Bergamot Flavonoids in Fatty Liver Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7627-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maddalena","family":"Parafati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1887-2854","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniele","family":"La Russa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Lascala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3321-7902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesco","family":"Crupi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concetta","family":"Riillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9727-7481","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bartosz","family":"Fotschki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biological Function of Food, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 10-748 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Mollace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6787-7291","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Janda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Campus Germaneto, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31229","article-title":"Genetic Pathways in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Insights from Systems Biology","volume":"72","author":"Sookoian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2020.101143","article-title":"Metabolic drivers of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"50","author":"Bence","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. 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