{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T17:42:41Z","timestamp":1793468561701,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1719446400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hubei Province Science and Technology Talent Service Enterprise Project","award":["2023DJC127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023DJC127"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Science and Technology Talent Service Enterprise Project","award":["2662022SKPY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662022SKPY001"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023DJC127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023DJC127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2662022SKPY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2662022SKPY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Yeast culture (YC) plays a significant role in enhancing the performance and health of poultry breeding. This study investigated the impact of different YC supplementation concentrations (basal diet with 1.0 g\/kg and 2.0 g\/kg of YC, YC1.0, and YC2.0) on egg production performance, egg quality, antioxidant properties, intestinal mucosal structure, and intestinal flora of laying hens. Both YC1.0 and YC2.0 groups significantly enhanced the egg protein height, Haugh unit, and crude protein content of egg yolks compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). The supplementation with YC2.0 notably increased the egg production rate, reduced feed-to-egg ratio, and decreased the broken egg rate compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.05). Additionally, YC supplementation enhanced serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activity while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content (p &lt; 0.05). Moreover, YC supplementation promoted duodenal villus height and villus ratio in the duodenum and jejunum (p &lt; 0.05). Analysis of cecal microorganisms indicated a decrease in Simpson and Shannon indices with YC supplementation (p &lt; 0.05). YC1.0 reduced the abundance of Proteobacteria, while YC2.0 increased the abundance of Bacteroidales (p &lt; 0.05). Overall, supplementation with YC improved egg production, quality, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and cecal microbial composition in laying hens, with significant benefits observed at the 2.0 g\/kg supplementation level.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13070779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]],"date-time":"2024-06-27T13:26:43Z","timestamp":1719494803000},"page":"779","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Effects of Yeast Culture on Laying Performance, Antioxidant Properties, Intestinal Morphology, and Intestinal Flora of Laying Hens"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Quan","family":"Qiu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"},{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhichun","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingfang","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxiang","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Chemical Reaction Engineering, Engineering and Technology Institute Groningen (ENTEG), University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8339-2104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yingjun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2023.119654","article-title":"Decoupling Livestock and Poultry Pollution Emissions from Industrial Development: A Step Towards Reducing Environmental Emissions","volume":"350","author":"Elahi","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manag."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.5187\/jast.2023.e129","article-title":"Antibiotic Resistance in Livestock, Environment and Humans: One Health Perspective","volume":"66","author":"Pandey","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Da Silva, R.A., Arenas, N.E., Luiza, V.L., Bermudez, J.A.Z., and Clarke, S.E. (2023). Regulations on the Use of Antibiotics in Livestock Production in South America: A Comparative Literature Analysis. Antibiotics, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12081303"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200266","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-992x-2020-0266","article-title":"Estimation of Productive Losses Caused by Withdrawal of Antibiotic Growth Promoter from Pig Diets\u2014Meta-Analysis","volume":"78","author":"Cardinal","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci. Agricola"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang, C., Fan, J., Ma, K., Wang, H., Li, D., Li, T., and Ma, Y. (2024). Effects of Adding Allium Mongolicum Regel Powder and Yeast Cultures to Diet on Rumen Microbial Flora of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries). Front. Veter- Sci., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2024.1283437"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Y., Cheng, X., Zhen, W., Zeng, D., Qu, L., Wang, Z., and Ning, Z. (2021). Yeast Culture Improves Egg Quality and Reproductive Performance of Aged Breeder Layers by Regulating Gut Microbes. Front. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.633276"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5924","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2017-14315","article-title":"Yeast Culture Increased Plasma Niacin Concentration, Evaporative Heat Loss, and Feed Efficiency of Dairy Cows in a Hot Environment","volume":"101","author":"Dias","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2005.08.024","article-title":"Effect of Administration of Live Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Milk Production, Milk Composition, Blood Metabolites, and Faecal Flora in Early Lactating Dairy Goats","volume":"67","author":"Stella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Small Rumin. Res."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1017\/S1751731117001276","article-title":"Dietary Supplementation with a Nucleotide-Rich Yeast Extract Modulates Gut Immune Response and Microflora in Weaned Pigs in Response to a Sanitary Challenge","volume":"11","author":"Waititu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Animal"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pex173","article-title":"Blood Hematological and Biochemical Constituents, Antioxidant Enzymes, Immunity and Lymphoid Organs of Broiler Chicks Supplemented with Propolis, Bee Pollen and Mannan Oligosaccharides Continuously or Intermittently","volume":"96","author":"Attia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2614","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-1512","article-title":"Effects of Yeast Culture Supplementation on Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, and Immune Response of Nursery Pigs","volume":"87","author":"Shen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-019-10321-3","article-title":"Yeast a Potential Bio-Agent: Future for Plant Growth and Postharvest Disease Management for Sustainable Agriculture","volume":"104","author":"Mukherjee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2017.11.013","article-title":"A Review on Sustainable Yeast Biotechnological Processes and Applications","volume":"207","author":"Nandy","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiol. Res."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2023.2164235","article-title":"Yeast in Layer Diets: Its Effect on Production, Health, Egg Composition and Economics","volume":"79","author":"Alagawany","year":"2023","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japr.2020.100116","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Yeast Culture Supplementation on the Meat Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Geese","volume":"30","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_16","first-page":"e20170159","article-title":"The Role of Yeast Culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on Performance, Egg Yolk Fatty Acid Composition, and Fecal Microflora of Laying Hens","volume":"47","author":"Yakan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Zootec."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2026","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2019.11.017","article-title":"Yeast Culture Promotes the Production of Aged Laying Hens by Improving Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities and the Intestinal Health Status","volume":"99","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.5713\/ab.21.0514","article-title":"Influence of Spent Ginger Yeast Cultures on the Production Performance, Egg Quality, Serum Composition, and Intestinal Microbiota of Laying Hens","volume":"35","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim. Biosci."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1590\/1806-9061-2015-0070","article-title":"Effects of Kluyveromyces Marxianus Isolated from Tibetan Mushrooms on the Plasma Lipids, Egg Cholesterol Level, Egg Quality and Intestinal Health of Laying Hens","volume":"18","author":"Zhong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic. Braz. J. Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cimid.2007.08.005","article-title":"Yeast Culture Has Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Specifically Activates NK Cells","volume":"31","author":"Jensen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Comp. Immunol. Microbiol. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1080\/00439339.2022.2119916","article-title":"Use of Yeast and Its Derived Products in Laying Hens: An Updated Review","volume":"78","author":"Bilal","year":"2022","journal-title":"World\u2019s Poult. Sci. J."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3382\/japr.2007-00064","article-title":"Yeast Culture Supplementation to Laying Hen Diets Containing Soybean Meal or Sunflower Seed Meal and Its Effect on Performance, Egg Quality Traits, and Blood Chemistry","volume":"17","author":"Erol","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Poult. Res."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtherbio.2019.02.002","article-title":"The Effect of Ginger Powder and Chinese Herbal Medicine on Production Performance, Serum Metabolites and Antioxidant Status of Laying Hens under Heat-Stress Condition","volume":"81","author":"Ibtisham","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Therm. Biol."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ab.2016.10.021","article-title":"Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation by Measuring Malondialdehyde (MDA) and Relatives in Biological Samples: Analytical and Biological Challenges","volume":"524","author":"Tsikas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2359","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO02327A","article-title":"Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Yeast Glycoprotein on Growth Performance, Intestinal Mucosal Morphology, Immune Response and Colonic Microbiota in Weaned Piglets","volume":"10","author":"Qin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"skab308","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab308","article-title":"Effects of Fermented Wheat Bran and Yeast Culture on Growth Performance, Immunity, and Intestinal Microflora in Growing-Finishing Pigs","volume":"99","author":"He","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s00580-018-2862-7","article-title":"Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Its Effect on Production Indices of Livestock and Poultry\u2014A Review","volume":"28","author":"Ogbuewu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comp. Clin. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299S","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/55.1.299s","article-title":"Physiology and Pathophysiology of Intestinal Absorption","volume":"55","author":"Caspary","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00418","article-title":"Effects of Yeast Culture in Broiler Diets on Performance and Immunomodulatory Functions","volume":"87","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3967439","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3967439","article-title":"Dietary Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cell Wall Extract Supplementation Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Modulates Serum Amino Acids Profiles in Weaned Piglets","volume":"2017","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oxidative Med. Cell. Longev."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13706","article-title":"Effect of Yeast Culture Supplementation on Blood Characteristics, Body Development, Intestinal Morphology, and Enzyme Activities in Geese","volume":"107","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2005-686","article-title":"Use of Mannanoligosaccharides and Zinc Chelate as Growth Promoters and Diarrhea Preventative in Weaning Pigs: Effects on Microbiota and Gut Function","volume":"86","author":"Castillo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.1016\/S1671-2927(11)60098-9","article-title":"The Effect of Glycyl-Glutamine Dipeptide Concentration on Enzyme Activity, Cell Proliferation and Apoptosis of Jejunal Tissues from Weaned Piglets","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Agric. Sci. China"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Che, L., Hu, L., Liu, Y., Yan, C., Peng, X., Xu, Q., Wang, R., Cheng, Y., Chen, H., and Fang, Z. (2016). Dietary Nucleotides Supplementation Improves the Intestinal Development and Immune Function of Neonates with Intra-Uterine Growth Restriction in a Pig Model. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157314"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sindaye, D., Xiao, Z., Wen, C., Yang, K., Zhang, L., Liao, P., Zhang, F., Xin, Z., He, S., and Ye, S. (2023). Exploring the Effects of Lysozyme Dietary Supplementation on Laying Hens: Performance, Egg Quality, and Immune Response. Front. Vet. Sci., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2023.1273372"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Videnska, P., Sedlar, K., Lukac, M., Faldynova, M., Gerzova, L., Cejkova, D., Sisak, F., and Rychlik, I. (2014). Succession and Replacement of Bacterial Populations in the Caecum of Egg Laying Hens over Their Whole Life. PLoS ONE, 9.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115142"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102008","article-title":"Intestinal Microbiota of Layer Hens and Its Association with Egg Quality and Safety","volume":"101","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2509","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey596","article-title":"Interactions between the Cecal Microbiota and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Using Laying Hens as the Model","volume":"98","author":"Hamid","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poult. Sci."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4719","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-021-11333-8","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of gut microbiota in caged laying hens: A field observation from hatching to end of lay","volume":"105","author":"Joat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2020.110372","article-title":"Alterations in Cecal Microbiota and Intestinal Barrier Function of Laying Hens Fed on Fluoride Supplemented Diets","volume":"193","author":"Miao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E78","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00015.2017","article-title":"High-fat, high-fructose, high-cholesterol feeding causes severe Nash and cecal microbiota dysbiosis in juvenile Ossabaw swine","volume":"314","author":"Panasevich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103858","article-title":"Effect of Glucoraphanin from Broccoli Seeds on Lipid Levels and Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice","volume":"68","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-320951","article-title":"Multiomics Analysis Reveals the Presence of a Microbiome in the Gut of Fetal Lambs","volume":"70","author":"Bi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tian, Y., Li, G., Zhang, S., Zeng, T., Chen, L., Tao, Z., and Lu, L. (2022). Dietary Supplementation with Fermented Plant Product Modulates Production Performance, Egg Quality, Intestinal Mucosal Barrier, and Cecal Microbiota in Laying Hens. Front. Microbiol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.955115"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391767","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/391767","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum Strain K21 on High-Fat Diet-Fed Obese Mice","volume":"2015","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Evid.-Based Complement. Altern. Med."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/7\/779\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T15:06:26Z","timestamp":1760108786000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/7\/779"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox13070779"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13070779","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,27]]}}}