{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T13:20:21Z","timestamp":1788009621783,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness","award":["PI15\/01160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01160"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PI15\/01160"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PI15\/01160"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The identification of obese subjects at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) is required. We aimed to characterize determinants of endothelial dysfunction, the initial step to CVD, in small omental arteries of visceral fat from obese subjects. The influences of analytical parameters and vascular oxidative stress mediated by NADPH-oxidase-2 (NOX2) on endothelial function were determined. Specimens were obtained from 51 obese subjects undergoing bariatric surgery and 14 non-obese subjects undergoing abdominal surgery. Obese subjects displayed reduced endothelial vasodilation to bradykinin (BK). Endothelial vasodilation (pEC50 for BK) among obese subjects was significantly and negatively associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c)\/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio (r = -0.510, p = 0.0001) in both women and men, while other metabolic parameters and comorbidities failed to predict endothelial function. The vascular expression of NOX2 was upregulated in obese subjects and was related to decreased endothelial vasodilation (r = \u22120.529, p = 0.0006, n = 38) and increased oxidative stress (r = 0.783, p = 0.0044, n = 11) in arterial segments. High LDL-c\/HDL-c (&gt;2) and high NOX2 (above median) were independently associated with reduced endothelial function, but the presence of both conditions was related to a further impairment. Concomitant elevated LDL-c\/HDL-c ratio and high vascular expression of NOX2 would exacerbate endothelial impairment in obesity and could reveal a deleterious profile for cardiovascular outcomes among obese subjects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13091139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T10:49:48Z","timestamp":1726829388000},"page":"1139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["LDL-c\/HDL-c Ratio and NADPH-Oxidase-2-Derived Oxidative Stress as Main Determinants of Microvascular Endothelial Function in Morbidly Obese Subjects"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Jorge","family":"Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Unidade de Cirurgia Esofagog\u00e1strica e Tratamento Cir\u00fargico de Obesidade, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio (CHUdSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"La Fuente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servi\u00e7o de Urologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit\u00e1rio de Santo Ant\u00f3nio (CHUdSA), 4099-001 Porto, Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Argentina","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Histolog\u00eda-Investigaci\u00f3n. Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Cardiolog\u00eda\u2014IRYCIS\/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ruano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Histolog\u00eda-Investigaci\u00f3n. Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Cardiolog\u00eda\u2014IRYCIS\/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3789-9465","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Angulo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servicio de Histolog\u00eda-Investigaci\u00f3n. Unidad de Investigaci\u00f3n Traslacional en Cardiolog\u00eda\u2014IRYCIS\/UFV, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"(2024, May 27). WHO European Regional Obesity Report 2022; WHO Regional Office for Europe: Copenhagen, Denmark, 2022. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO. 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