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It is characterized by the extracellular aggregation of the amyloid \u03b2-peptide (A\u03b2) into oligomers and fibrils that cause synaptotoxicity and neuronal death. A\u03b2 exhibits a dual role in promoting oxidative stress and inflammation. This review aims to unravel the intricate connection between these processes and their contribution to AD progression. The review delves into oxidative stress in AD, focusing on the involvement of metals, mitochondrial dysfunction, and biomolecule oxidation. The distinct yet overlapping concept of nitro-oxidative stress is also discussed, detailing the roles of nitric oxide, mitochondrial perturbations, and their cumulative impact on A\u03b2 production and neurotoxicity. Inflammation is examined through astroglia and microglia function, elucidating their response to A\u03b2 and their contribution to oxidative stress within the AD brain. The blood\u2013brain barrier and oligodendrocytes are also considered in the context of AD pathophysiology. We also review current diagnostic methodologies and emerging therapeutic strategies aimed at mitigating oxidative stress and inflammation, thereby offering potential treatments for halting or slowing AD progression. This comprehensive synthesis underscores the pivotal role of A\u03b2 in bridging oxidative stress and inflammation, advancing our understanding of AD and informing future research and treatment paradigms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]],"date-time":"2024-10-08T04:29:26Z","timestamp":1728361766000},"page":"1208","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["The Dual Role of Amyloid Beta-Peptide in Oxidative Stress and Inflammation: Unveiling Their Connections in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Etiopathology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7420-6501","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Fanlo-Ucar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6471-3072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pol","family":"Pic\u00f3n-Pag\u00e8s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiotechnology, Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), 08028 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8895-5765","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Herrera-Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0898-5356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gerard","family":"ILL-Raga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1343-3599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francisco J.","family":"Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). 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