{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T14:42:02Z","timestamp":1774363322735,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TCMF-P 112-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-P 112-10"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005925","name":"Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST-110-2314-B-303-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-110-2314-B-303-005"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["TCMF-P 112-10"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TCMF-P 112-10"]}]},{"name":"National Science and Technology Council of Taiwan","award":["MOST-110-2314-B-303-005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST-110-2314-B-303-005"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Far-ultraviolet C (far-UVC) light shows promise for pathogen control but its safety and efficacy for corneal disinfection remain unclear. In this study, safe far-UVC dosages were investigated for corneal disinfection and its germicidal performance and oxidative damage potential to 5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) were compared. Rat corneas were exposed to varying 222 nm far-UVC doses (3\u201360 mJ\/cm2) and assessed for ocular damage, apoptosis, and oxidative stress to determine the safe dose of far-UVC. Far-UVC at 30 mJ\/cm2 induced corneal apoptosis and oxidative damage, but 15 mJ\/cm2 caused no apoptosis or oxidative damage. At this optimized dose (9 mJ\/cm2), far-UVC achieved 90.5% sterilization, exceeding 5% PVP-I (80.8%), with significantly less oxidative damage and cell death in the cornea. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that the use of 5% povidone-iodine (PVP-I) for disinfection results in significant oxidative damage to the corneal tissue. However, a safe dosage of far-UVC light exhibited a promising disinfection effect without causing oxidative damage to the corneal tissue. Far-UVC offers a promising alternative for corneal disinfection but requires careful dosage control (\u226430 mJ\/cm2) to avoid ocular surface harm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111344","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T09:49:14Z","timestamp":1730454554000},"page":"1344","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Far-Ultraviolet C Disinfection Reduces Oxidative Damage to the Cornea Compared to Povidone-Iodine Disinfection"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Tu-Wen","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8760-5739","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong-Kung","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"},{"name":"Doctoral Degree Program in Translational Medicine, Tzu Chi University and Academia Sinica, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng-En","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8494-7335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chin-Te","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 402306, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-1276-2172","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maisam","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tzu-Chao","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Administration Office, Department of Medical Education, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970374, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keh-Liang","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 252005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yao-Tseng","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Eye Research, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien 970473, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/ICU.0000000000000280","article-title":"Emerging trends in contact lens-related infections","volume":"27","author":"Cheung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. 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