{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T20:14:19Z","timestamp":1783455259335,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":204,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1231103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1231103"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["1241626"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1241626"]}]},{"name":"FONDECYT","award":["11220927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["11220927"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Antioxidants"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In heart failure (HF) patients undergoing cardiac surgery, an increased activity of mechanisms related to cardiac remodeling may determine a higher risk of postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF). Given that atrial fibrillation (AF) has a negative impact on the course and management of HF, including the need for anticoagulation therapy, identifying the factors associated with AF occurrence after cardiac surgery is crucial for the prognosis of these patients. POAF is thought to occur when various clinical and biochemical triggers act on susceptible cardiac tissue (first hit), with oxidative stress and inflammation during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) surgery being potential contributing factors (second hit). However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes remain poorly characterized. Recent research has shown that patients who later develop POAF often have pre-existing abnormalities in calcium handling and activation of NLRP3-inflammasome signaling in their atrial cardiomyocytes. These molecular changes may make cardiomyocytes more susceptible to spontaneous Ca2+-releases and subsequent arrhythmias, particularly when exposed to inflammatory mediators. Additionally, some clinical studies have linked POAF with elevated preoperative inflammatory markers, but there is a need for further research in order to better understand the impact of CPB surgery on local and systemic inflammation. This knowledge would make it possible to determine whether patients susceptible to POAF have pre-existing inflammatory conditions or cellular electrophysiological factors that make them more prone to developing AF and cardiac remodeling. In this context, the NLRP3 inflammasome, expressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiac fibroblasts, has been identified as playing a key role in the development of HF and AF, making patients with pre-existing HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) the focus of several clinical studies with interventions that act at this level. On the other hand, HFpEF has been linked to metabolic and non-ischemic risk factors, but more research is needed to better characterize the myocardial remodeling events associated with HFpEF. Therefore, since ventricular remodeling may differ between HFrEF and HFpEF, it is necessary to perform studies in both groups of patients due to their pathophysiological variations. Clinical evidence has shown that pharmacological therapies that are effective for HFrEF may not provide the same anti-remodeling benefits in HFpEF patients, particularly compared to traditional adrenergic and renin\u2013angiotensin\u2013aldosterone system inhibitors. On the other hand, there is growing interest in medications with pleiotropic or antioxidant\/anti-inflammatory effects, such as sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2is). These drugs may offer anti-remodeling effects in both HFrEF and HFpEF by inhibiting pro-inflammatory, pro-oxidant, and NLRP3 signaling pathways and their mediators. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-remodeling effects of SGLT-2 i have progressively expanded from HFrEF and HFpEF to other forms of cardiac remodeling. However, these advances in research have not yet encompassed POAF despite its associations with inflammation, oxidative stress, and remodeling. Currently, the direct or indirect effects of NLRP3-dependent pathway inhibition on the occurrence of POAF have not been clinically assessed. However, given that NLRP3 pathway inhibition may also indirectly affect other pathways, such as inhibition of NF-kappaB or inhibition of matrix synthesis, which are strongly linked to POAF and cardiac remodeling, it is reasonable to hypothesize that this type of intervention could play a role in preventing these events.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"1388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Heart Failure Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery as a Potential Determinant of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation and Remodeling: Is SGLT2 Cotransporter Inhibition an Alternative for Cardioprotection?"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Rodrigo L.","family":"Castillo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 7500922, Chile"},{"name":"Unidad de Paciente Cr\u00edtico, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago 7500922, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7660-9603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge","family":"Far\u00edas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda Qu\u00edmica, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda y Ciencias, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3184-6482","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristian","family":"Sandoval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Tecnolog\u00eda M\u00e9dica, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tom\u00e1s, Los Carreras 753, Osorno 5310431, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8429-367X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alejandro","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Candia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1316-738X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esteban","family":"Figueroa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O\u2019Higgins, Rancagua 2841959, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Quezada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360102, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1383-7961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paola","family":"Llanos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Estudios en Ejercicio, Metabolismo y C\u00e1ncer, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380453, Chile"},{"name":"Facultad de Odontolog\u00eda, Instituto de Investigaci\u00f3n en Ciencias Odontol\u00f3gicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380544, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7890-7321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gonzalo","family":"Jorquera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Fisiolog\u00eda, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valpara\u00edso, Valpara\u00edso 2360102, Chile"},{"name":"Instituto de Nutrici\u00f3n y Tecnolog\u00eda de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331051, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sawa","family":"Kostin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9543-8619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Carrasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Cardiolog\u00eda, Cl\u00ednica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago 7500922, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2019.04.077","article-title":"Preoperative predictors of new-onset prolonged atrial fibrillation after surgical aortic valve replacement","volume":"159","author":"Axtell","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.5603\/KP.a2017.0242","article-title":"Baseline and postoperative levels of C-reactive protein and interleukins as inflammatory predictors of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Weymann","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kardiol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.881329","article-title":"Predictors of atrial fibrillation following coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"17","author":"Tadic","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-9784.69047","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"13","author":"Nair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann. Card. Anaesth."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-019-0166-5","article-title":"Postoperative atrial fibrillation: Mechanisms, manifestations and management","volume":"16","author":"Dobrev","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2021.01.007","article-title":"Mechanism of IL-6-related spontaneous atrial fibrillation after coronary artery grafting surgery: IL-6 knockout mouse study and human observation","volume":"233","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I344","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.526277","article-title":"Coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with low ejection fraction","volume":"112","author":"Topkara","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e3281689a2c","article-title":"Predictors of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"18","author":"Dogan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Coron. Artery Dis."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2732","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2021.01.041","article-title":"Reduced Echocardiographic Inotropy Index after Cardiopulmonary Bypass Is Associated with Complications After Cardiac Surgery: An Institutional Outcomes Study","volume":"35","author":"Mathis","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e003520","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003520","article-title":"Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction by Longitudinal Strain Is an Independent Predictor of Incident Atrial Fibrillation: A Community-Based Cohort Study","volume":"8","author":"Russo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.11.020","article-title":"Strain-Guided Management of Potentially Cardiotoxic Cancer Therapy","volume":"77","author":"Thavendiranathan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euab095","article-title":"Role of pre-operative transthoracic echocardiography in predicting post-operative atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis","volume":"23","author":"Kawczynski","year":"2021","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.02.064","article-title":"Global longitudinal strain to predict mortality in patients with acute heart failure","volume":"71","author":"Park","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2014-305538","article-title":"Prognostic implications of global LV dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of global longitudinal strain and ejection fraction","volume":"100","author":"Kalam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1111\/echo.12613","article-title":"Speckle strain echocardiography predicts outcome in patients with heart failure with both depressed and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction","volume":"32","author":"Stampehl","year":"2015","journal-title":"Echocardiography"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jeaa162","article-title":"Incremental prognostic value of global myocardial work over ejection fraction and global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"22","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.12159","article-title":"Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: Outcomes following an acute heart failure hospitalization","volume":"4","author":"Buggey","year":"2017","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.104.2.174","article-title":"Impaired Myofibrillar Energetics and Oxidative Injury During Human Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"104","author":"Mihm","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"E32","article-title":"Ascorbate attenuates atrial pacing-induced peroxynitrite formation and electrical remodeling and decreases the incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Carnes","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2009.12.005","article-title":"Atrial myocardial nox2 containing NADPH oxidase activity contribution to oxidative stress in mitral regurgitation: Potential mechanism for atrial remodeling","volume":"20","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Pathol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2354","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab019","article-title":"Inducibility, but not stability, of atrial fibrillation is increased by NOX2 overexpression in mice","volume":"117","author":"Mighiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hansen, M., Sadredini, M., Hasic, A., Eriksen, M., and Stokke, M.K. (2023). Myocardial oxidative stress is increased in early reperfusion, but systemic antioxidative therapy does not prevent ischemia reperfusion arrhythmias in pigs. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 26.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1223496"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H2280-6","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.01063.2003","article-title":"Caspase-dependent cytochrome c release and cell death in chick cardiomyocytes after simulated ischemia-reperfusion","volume":"286","author":"Qin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physio."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martins, D., Garcia, L.R., Queiroz, D.A., Lazzarin, T., Rodrigues, C., da Silva, P., Polegato, B.F., de Paiva, S.A.R., Azevedo, P.S., and Minicucci, M.F. (2022). Oxidative Stress as a Therapeutic Target of Cardiac Remodeling. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11122371"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvaa302","article-title":"Atrial nitroso-redox balance and refractoriness following on-pump cardiac surgery: A randomized trial of atorvastatin","volume":"118","author":"Jayaram","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Farias, J.G., Molina, V.M., Carrasco, R., Zepeda, A.B., Figueroa, E., Letelier, P., and Castillo, R.L. (2017). Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9090966"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2019.7928","article-title":"Witting PK Neutrophil-Mediated Cardiac Damage After Acute Myocardial Infarction: Significance of Defining a New Target Cell Type for Developing Cardioprotective Drugs","volume":"33","author":"Kazzi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2010.00651.x","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy reduces oxidative and inflammatory tissue damage in patients subjected to cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation","volume":"108","author":"Castillo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol."},{"key":"ref_29","first-page":"8895078","article-title":"Atrial Dyssynchrony Measured by Strain Echocardiography as a Marker of Proarrhythmic Remodeling and Oxidative Stress in Cardiac Surgery Patients","volume":"30","author":"Gonzalez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid. Med. Cell Longev."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.085","article-title":"Association of atrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity with the development of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"51","author":"Kim","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.014","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial to prevent postoperative atrial fibrillation by antioxidant reinforcement","volume":"62","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e001886","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.001886","article-title":"Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Incidence of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) Trial","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.04.023","article-title":"Temporal dynamics of cardiac immune cell accumulation following acute myocardial infarction","volume":"62","author":"Yan","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215802","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1215802","article-title":"Adverse Cardiac Remodelling after Acute Myocardial Infarction: Old and New Biomarkers","volume":"2020","author":"Berezin","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2679","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13299","article-title":"Left ventricular remodelling and prognosis after discharge in new-onset acute heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"8","author":"Vroegindewey","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2022.12.004","article-title":"Fir(e)ing the Rhythm Inflammatory Cytokines and Cardiac Arrhythmias","volume":"15","author":"Lazzerini","year":"2023","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2005.03.026","article-title":"Postoperative white blood cell count predicts atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery","volume":"20","author":"Lamm","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jvca.2009.01.030","article-title":"Increased preoperative white blood cell count predicts postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass surgery","volume":"23","author":"Fontes","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e89307","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089307","article-title":"Induction of atrial fibrillation by neutrophils critically depends on CD11b\/CD18 integrins","volume":"9","author":"Friedrichs","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E088","DOI":"10.1532\/hsf.2771","article-title":"The Relationship between the HATCH Score, Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio and Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation After Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery","volume":"23","author":"Erdolu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Heart Surg. Forum."},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.08.078","article-title":"Association of inflammatory factors with occurrence and recurrence of atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis","volume":"169","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2005.07.003","article-title":"Actions of emigrated neutrophils on Na(+) and K(+) currents in rat ventricular myocytes","volume":"90","author":"Ward","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-019-01512-z","article-title":"Myeloperoxidase in atrial fibrillation: Association with progression, origin and influence of renin-angiotensin system antagonists","volume":"109","author":"Holzwirth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu, Q., Liu, H., Liao, J., Zhao, N., Tse, G., Han, B., Chen, L., Huang, Z., and Du, Y. (2020). Colchicine prevents atrial fibrillation promotion by inhibiting IL-1\u03b2-induced IL-6 release and atrial fibrosis in the rat sterile pericarditis model. Biomed. Pharmacother., 129.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2020.110384"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvab024","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome is a key driver of obesity-induced atrial arrhythmias","volume":"117","author":"Scott","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1097\/CRD.0000000000000391","article-title":"Therapeutic Implications of NLRP3-Mediated Inflammation in Coronary Artery Disease","volume":"30","author":"Hemenway","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cardiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-021-06208-0","article-title":"Imbalance in thioredoxin system activates NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in epicardial adipose tissue of patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"48","author":"Shateri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol. Biol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.89520","article-title":"Inactivation of the NLRP3 inflammasome mediates exosome-based prevention of atrial fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Parent","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacep.2024.02.019","article-title":"Atrial Fibrosis and Inflammation in Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: Comparative Effects of Amiodarone, Colchicine, or Exosomes","volume":"10","author":"Parent","year":"2024","journal-title":"JACC Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_50","first-page":"319","article-title":"The impact of post-operative atrial fibrillation on outcomes in coronary artery bypass graft and combined procedures","volume":"18","author":"Chau","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Geriatr. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.109.865683","article-title":"Left atrial strain and strain rate in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation: Relationship to left atrial structural remodeling detected by delayed-enhancement MRI","volume":"3","author":"Kuppahally","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"HAE0000000000000078","DOI":"10.1161\/HAE.0000000000000078","article-title":"Managing Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association","volume":"14","author":"Gopinathannair","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythmia Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2013.12.021","article-title":"Outcomes in atrial fibrillation patients with and without left ventricular hypertrophy when treated with a lenient rate-control or rhythm-control strategy","volume":"113","author":"Badheka","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchf.2019.09.002","article-title":"HFpEF Is the Substrate for Stroke in Obesity and Diabetes Independent of Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.12.019","article-title":"The mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome\/pyroptosis activation and their role in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5547","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30285","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: Multiple activation pathways and its role in primary cells during ventricular remodeling","volume":"23","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12286","article-title":"Initiation and perpetuation of NLRP 3 inflammasome activation and assembly","volume":"265","author":"Elliott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Immunol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/305147a0","article-title":"ATP-regulated K+ channels in cardiac muscle","volume":"305","author":"Noma","year":"1983","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00375082","article-title":"The Na+-dependence of Na+-activated K+-channels (IK(Na)) in guinea pig ventricular myocytes, is different in excised inside\/out patches and cell-attached patches","volume":"422","author":"Rodrigo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Pfl\u00fcgers Arch."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1999.79.3.917","article-title":"Cardiac ionic currents and acute ischemia: From channels to arrhythmias","volume":"79","author":"Carmeliet","year":"1999","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H333","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.1992.263.2.H333","article-title":"Role of Na-activated K channel, Na-K-Cl cotransport, and NaK pump in [K] e changes during ischemia in rat heart","volume":"263","author":"Mitani","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_62","first-page":"e934255","article-title":"Role of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury and Ventricular Remodeling","volume":"28","author":"Shen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2166","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.6.2166-2174.1991","article-title":"A lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-resistant mutant isolated from a macrophage-like cell line, J774. 1, exhibits an altered activated-macrophage phenotype in response to LPS","volume":"59","author":"Amano","year":"1991","journal-title":"Infect. Immun."},{"key":"ref_64","first-page":"1","article-title":"Recent advances in the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its inhibitors","volume":"10","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2018.01.009","article-title":"Orchestration of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by ion fluxes","volume":"39","author":"Gong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Immunol."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00024.2007","article-title":"Mechanisms underlying acute protection from cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"88","author":"Murphy","year":"2008","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00794-8","article-title":"Inflammation in neurodegenerative disease\u2014A double-edged sword","volume":"35","author":"Mucke","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fioranelli, M., Roccia, M.G., Flavin, D., and Cota, L. (2021). Regulation of Inflammatory Reaction in Health and Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 17.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105277"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jorquera, G., Russell, J., Monsalves-\u00c1lvarez, M., Cruz, G., Valladares-Ide, D., Basualto-Alarc\u00f3n, C., Barrientos, G., Estrada, M., and Llanos, P. (2021). NLRP3 Inflammasome: Potential Role in Obesity Related Low-Grade Inflammation and Insulin Resistance in Skeletal Muscle. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22063254"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7255.199","article-title":"Low grade inflammation and coronary heart disease: Prospective study and updated meta-analyses","volume":"321","author":"Danesh","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1038\/s41421-020-0167-x","article-title":"Inflammasome activation and regulation: Toward a better understanding of complex mechanisms","volume":"6","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Discov."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2018.03.002","article-title":"Gain of function mutation and inflammasome driven diseases in human and mouse models","volume":"91","author":"Cordero","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Autoimmun."},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2016.09.002","article-title":"Mechanism and Regulation of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"41","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.01.040","article-title":"The inflammasomes","volume":"140","author":"Schroder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.13133","article-title":"Structural mechanisms of inflammasome assembly","volume":"282","author":"Lu","year":"2015","journal-title":"FEBS J."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33835","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.48.33835","article-title":"ASC, a novel 22-kDa protein, aggregates during apoptosis of human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells","volume":"274","author":"Masumoto","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0165-0","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome: Molecular activation and regulation to therapeutics","volume":"8","author":"Swanson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2021.108053","article-title":"Targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cardiovascular diseases","volume":"236","author":"Toldo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-020-02985-x","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome in endothelial dysfunction","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mvr.2022.104384","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome contributes to endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in mice","volume":"143","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microvasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3074","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.470","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome activation contributes to VSMC phenotypic transformation and proliferation in hypertension","volume":"8","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"922","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.2017.30","article-title":"Activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes contributes to hyperhomocysteinemia-aggravated inflammation and atherosclerosis in apoE-deficient mice","volume":"97","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lab. Invest."},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2017.161","article-title":"The NLRP3 inflammasome in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"15","author":"Toldo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvy252","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of the NLRP3 inflammasome reduces blood pressure, renal damage, and dysfunction in salt-sensitive hypertension","volume":"115","author":"Krishnan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08938","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasomes are required for atherogenesis and activated by cholesterol crystals","volume":"464","author":"Duewell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2012.07.058","article-title":"Critical role of caspase-1 in vascular inflammation and development of atherosclerosis in Western diet-fed apolipoprotein E-deficient mice","volume":"425","author":"Usui","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e137","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2011.18","article-title":"Atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice progresses independently of the NLRP3 inflammasome","volume":"2","author":"Menu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis."},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng, Y., Xu, L., Dong, N., and Li, F. (2022). NLRP3 inflammasome: The rising star in cardiovascular diseases. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2022.927061"},{"key":"ref_89","first-page":"e00303","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Expression and Activation in Human Atherosclerosis","volume":"5","author":"Varghese","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2014.5989","article-title":"The inflammasome in myocardial injury and cardiac remodeling","volume":"22","author":"Toldo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvu259","article-title":"Independent roles of the priming and the triggering of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the heart","volume":"105","author":"Toldo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.122.060860","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation Through Heart-Brain Interaction Initiates Cardiac Inflammation and Hypertrophy During Pressure Overload","volume":"147","author":"Higashikuni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e005036","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005036","article-title":"IL-1 Blockade in Patients with Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction","volume":"11","author":"Trankle","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.982777","article-title":"Inflammasome activation of cardiac fibroblasts is essential for myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"123","author":"Kawaguchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2020.107133","article-title":"The covalent NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor Oridonin relieves myocardial infarction induced myocardial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in mice","volume":"90","author":"Gao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-022-00925-z","article-title":"Signaling pathways and targeted therapy for myocardial infarction","volume":"7","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Signal Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1912388","article-title":"Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Colchicine after Myocardial Infarction","volume":"381","author":"Tardif","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1707914","article-title":"CANTOS Trial Group. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease","volume":"377","author":"Ridker","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000000946","article-title":"NLRP3 Inflammasome: A New Promising Therapeutic Target to Treat Heart Failure","volume":"77","author":"Crea","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-0138","article-title":"Role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation pathophysiology and management","volume":"79","author":"Harada","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.12182","article-title":"Assessment of interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms in lone atrial fibrillation: New insight into the role of inflammation in atrial fibrillation","volume":"36","author":"Gungor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2019.06.016","article-title":"A Intracardiac administration of neutrophil protease cathepsin G activates noncanonical inflammasome pathway and promotes inflammation and pathological remodeling in non-injured heart","volume":"134","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Mol. Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2227","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.035202","article-title":"Enhanced cardiomyocyte nlrp3 inflammasome signaling promotes atrial fibrillation","volume":"138","author":"Yao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.316710","article-title":"Atrial Myocyte NLRP3\/CaMKII Nexus Forms a Substrate for Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation","volume":"127","author":"Heijman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, M., Huo, Y., Tai, B., Lin, C., Yang, H., and Tsai, C. (2024). Ziprasidone triggers inflammasome signaling via PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway to promote atrial fibrillation. Biomed. Pharmacother., 175.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116649"},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2023.09.017","article-title":"Dapansutrile Ameliorates Atrial Inflammation and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation in HFpEF Rats","volume":"33","author":"Yang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ."},{"key":"ref_107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.123.065597","article-title":"Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential With Loss of Tet2 Enhances Risk for Atrial Fibrillation Through Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation","volume":"30","author":"Lin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H265","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00509.2016","article-title":"L5-LDL from ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients induces IL-1beta production via LOX-1 and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in macrophages","volume":"312","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sokolova, M., Sjaastad, I., Louwe, M.C., Alfsnes, K., Aronsen, J.M., Zhang, L., Haugstad, S.B., Bendiksen, B.A., \u00d8gaard, J., and Bliks\u00f8en, M. (2019). NLRP3 inflammasome promotes myocardial remodeling during diet induced obesity. Front. Immunol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01621"},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2530","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.034621","article-title":"Inflammation and NLRP3 inflammasome activation initiated in response to pressure overload by Ca2+\/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II delta signaling in cardiomyocytes are essential for adverse cardiac remodeling","volume":"138","author":"Suetomi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2015.6498","article-title":"Angiotensin-(1\u20137) improves liver fibrosis by regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome via redox balance modulation","volume":"24","author":"Cai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2017.7261","article-title":"Autophagy attenuates angiotensin II induced pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting redox imbalance-mediated NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 inflammasome activation","volume":"30","author":"Meng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxid. Redox Signal."},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mishra, S.R., Kumar, K.M., Behera, B.P., Patra, S., Sekhar, C., Panigrahi, D.P., Praharaj, P.P., Singh, A., Patil, S., and Dhiman, R. (2021). Mitochondrial dysfunction as a driver of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its modulation through mitophagy for potential therapeutics. Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol., 136.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2021.106013"},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.034","article-title":"Combined NADPH and the NOX inhibitor apocynin provides greater anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in a mouse model of stroke","volume":"104","author":"Qin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/s12276-021-00720-w","article-title":"CU06-1004 enhances vascular integrity and improves cardiac remodeling by suppressing edema and inflammation in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"54","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.01.011","article-title":"Aging-related defects are associated with adverse cardiac remodeling in a mouse model of reperfused myocardial infarction","volume":"51","author":"Bujak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.62","article-title":"Targeting myocardial remodelling to develop novel therapies for heart failure: A position paper from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"16","author":"Tarone","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-014-6520-2","article-title":"Galectin-3: A modifiable risk factor in heart failure","volume":"28","author":"Mueller","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu, Q., Li, X., Liu, J., Sun, X., Rousselle, T., Ren, D., Tong, N., and Li, J. (2019). AMPK is associated with the beneficial effects of antidiabetic agents on cardiovascular diseases. Biosci. Rep., 39.","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20181995"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"\u010cater, M., and Bombek, L.K. (2022). Protective Role of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins against Age-Related Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11081473"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbabio.2018.05.019","article-title":"Mitochondrial uncoupling, ROS generation and cardioprotection","volume":"1859","author":"Cadenas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Bioenerg."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.043","article-title":"Mitochondrial ROS and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants in the aged heart","volume":"167","author":"Kaludercic","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee, F., Shao, P., Wallace, C., Chua, S., Sung, P., Ko, S., Chai, H., Chung, S., Chen, K., and Lu, K. (2018). Combined Therapy with SS31 and Mitochondria Mitigates Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury in Rats. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19092782"},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2007","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.050812","article-title":"LARP7 Protects Against Heart Failure by Enhancing Mitochondrial Biogenesis","volume":"143","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1111\/jocs.16550","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D supplementation on postoperative atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with vitamin D deficiency","volume":"37","author":"Talasaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Card. Surg."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.01.005","article-title":"Prevention of atrial fibrillation following cardiac surgery: Basis for a novel therapeutic strategy based on non-hypoxic myocardial preconditioning","volume":"118","author":"Rodrigo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e360306","DOI":"10.1590\/acb360306","article-title":"Cardioprotection stimulated by resveratrol and grape products prevents lethal cardiac arrhythmias in an animal model of ischemia and reperfusion","volume":"36","author":"Errante","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Cir. Bras."},{"key":"ref_128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hedayati, N., Yaghoobi, A., Salami, M., Gholinezhad, Y., Aghadavood, F., and Eshraghi, R. (2023). Impact of polyphenols on heart failure and cardiac hypertrophy: Clinical effects and molecular mechanisms. Front. Cardiovasc. Med., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2023.1174816"},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.044","article-title":"Cellular crosstalk in cardioprotection: Where and when do reactive oxygen species play a role?","volume":"169","author":"Girao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"EMPA-REG OUTCOME Investigators. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2297","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2707","article-title":"Effects of empagliflozin on cardiovascular and renal outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction according to age: A secondary analysis of EMPEROR-Reduced","volume":"24","author":"Filippatos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saisho, Y. (2020). SGLT2 Inhibitors: The Star in the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes?. Diseases, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/diseases8020014"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvad009","article-title":"Empagliflozin inhibits excessive autophagy through the AMPK\/GSK3\u03b2 signalling pathway in diabetic cardiomyopathy","volume":"119","author":"Madonna","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0849-6","article-title":"The sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor empagliflozin attenuates cardiac fibrosis and improves ventricular hemodynamics in hypertensive heart failure rats","volume":"18","author":"Lee","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e018298","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.018298","article-title":"Direct Cardiac Actions of the Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor Empagliflozin Improve Myocardial Oxidative Phosphorylation and Attenuate Pressure-Overload Heart Failure","volume":"10","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hsieh, P., Chu, M., Ching, H., Huang, Y., Chou, W., Tsai, K., and Chan, S. (2022). Dapagliflozin Mitigates Doxorubicin-Caused Myocardium Damage by Regulating AKT-Mediated Oxidative Stress, Cardiac Remodeling, and Inflammation. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231710146"},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2021.02.067","article-title":"Elucidating the mechanisms underlying left ventricular function recovery in patients with ischemic heart failure undergoing surgical remodeling: A 3-dimensional ultrasound analysis","volume":"165","author":"Castelvecchio","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ma, S., Chen, L., Yan, J., Shen, M., Zhang, R., and Li, M. (2022). Dapagliflozin attenuates residual cardiac remodeling after surgical ventricular reconstruction in mice with an enlarged heart after myocardial infarction. Biomed. Pharmacother., 156.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113765"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-024-10421-x","article-title":"The role of NETosis in heart failure","volume":"29","author":"Kostin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.532","article-title":"Phlorizin: A review","volume":"21","author":"Ehrenkranz","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. Res. Rev."},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/FJC.0000000000001380","article-title":"Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Heart Failure and Their Clinical Value","volume":"81","author":"Xie","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.08.025","article-title":"Sodium glucose CoTransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: Current status and future perspective","volume":"93","author":"Madaan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmech.2020.112523","article-title":"An exhaustive perspective on structural insights of SGLT2 inhibitors: A novel class of antidiabetic agent","volume":"204","author":"Bhattacharya","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0899-9","article-title":"Class effect for SGLT-2 inhibitors: A tale of 9 drugs","volume":"18","author":"Giugliano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2012.01558.x","article-title":"Canagliflozin improves glycaemic control over 28 days in subjects with type 2 diabetes not optimally controlled on insulin","volume":"14","author":"Devineni","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.88","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of canagliflozin, a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor, in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"53","author":"Devineni","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2013.06.017","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of single- and multiple-dose of dapagliflozin, a selective inhibitor of SGLT2, in healthy Chinese subjects","volume":"35","author":"Yang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Ther."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.12425","article-title":"Dapagliflozin twice daily or once daily: Effect on pharmacokinetics and urinary glucose excretion in healthy subjects","volume":"17","author":"Tang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayoub, B.M., Mowaka, S., Elzanfaly, E.S., Ashoush, N., Elmazar, M.M., and Mousa, S.A. (2017). Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of Empagliflozin in Healthy Egyptian Volunteers Using LC-MS\/MS and Comparison with Other Ethnic Populations. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-02895-7"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.2133\/dmpk.DMPK-12-RG-082","article-title":"Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of single doses of empagliflozin, a sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, in healthy Japanese subjects","volume":"28","author":"Sarashina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drug Metab. Pharmacokinet."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.629","article-title":"Effect of Food on the Pharmacokinetics of Ertugliflozin and Its Fixed-Dose Combinations Ertugliflozin\/Sitagliptin and Ertugliflozin\/Metformin","volume":"8","author":"Sahasrabudhe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/cpdd.686","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic Properties of Single and Multiple Doses of Ertugliflozin, a Selective Inhibitor of SGLT2, in Healthy Chinese Subjects","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Pharmacol. Drug Dev."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2014.07.020","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study","volume":"106","author":"Kadokura","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13679","article-title":"Clinical pharmacology study of ipragliflozin in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus: A phase 2, randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"21","author":"Kaku","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1055\/a-0662-0209","article-title":"Effect of Renal Impairment on the Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tofogliflozin (A SELECTIVE SGLT2 Inhibitor) in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"69","author":"Ikeda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Res."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1358\/dot.2014.50.11.2232267","article-title":"Tofogliflozin: A highly selective SGLT2 inhibitor for the treatment of type 2 diabetes","volume":"50","author":"Rosenwasser","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drugs Today"},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3231","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26760","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitors and oxidative stress: An update","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mylonas, N., Nikolaou, P.E., Karakasis, P., Stachteas, P., Fragakis, N., and Andreadou, I. (2024). Endothelial Protection by Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors: A Literature Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25137274"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2017.08.005","article-title":"SGLT2-inhibitor and DPP-4 inhibitor improve brain function via attenuatingmitochondrial dysfunction, insulin resistance, inflammation, andapoptosis in HFD-induced obese rats","volume":"333","author":"Tanajak","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pignatelli, P., Baratta, F., Buzzetti, R., D\u2019Amico, A., Castellani, V., and Bartimoccia, S. (2022). The Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors Reduce Platelet Activation and Thrombus Formation by Lowering NOX2-Related Oxidative Stress: A Pilot Study. Antioxidants, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11101878"},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0816-2","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4947","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab420","article-title":"Effects of canagliflozin on human myocardial redox signalling: Clinical implications","volume":"42","author":"Kondo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, W., Lu, J., Wang, Y., Sun, P., Gao, T., and Xu, N. (2023). Canagliflozin Attenuates Lipotoxicity in Cardiomyocytes by Inhibiting Inflammation and Ferroptosis through Activating AMPK Pathway. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24010858"},{"key":"ref_164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, I.F., Lin, T., Wang, S., Yen, C., Li, C., Kuo, H., Hsieh, C., Chang, C., Chang, C., and Chen, Y. (2023). Long-term administration of Western diet induced metabolic syndrome in mice and causes cardiac microvascular dysfunction, cardiomyocyte mitochondrial damage, and cardiac remodeling involving caveolae and caveolin-1 expression. Biol. Direct., 189.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13062-023-00363-z"},{"key":"ref_165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10741-023-10336-z","article-title":"What is the impact of ferroptosis on diabetic cardiomyopathy: A systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Lou","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Rev."},{"key":"ref_166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.163","article-title":"Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction","volume":"14","author":"Hartupee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2008.06.007","article-title":"Interleukin-10 improves left ventricular function in rats with heart failure subsequent to myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Stumpf","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1614","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032474","article-title":"Leptin-Aldosterone-Neprilysin Axis: Identification of Its Distinctive Role in the Pathogenesis of the Three Phenotypes of Heart Failure in People with Obesity","volume":"137","author":"Packer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Angelis, E., Pecoraro, M., Rusciano, M.R., Ciccarelli, M., and Popolo, A. (2019). Cross-Talk between Neurohormonal Pathways and the Immune System in Heart Failure: A Review of the Literature. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 20.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20071698"},{"key":"ref_170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.09.524","article-title":"Reduction and activation of circulating dendritic cells in patients with decompensated heart failure","volume":"147","author":"Sugi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2089","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.041694","article-title":"Single-Cell Sequencing of Mouse Heart Immune Infiltrate in Pressure Overload-Driven Heart Failure Reveals Extent of Immune Activation","volume":"140","author":"Martini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_172","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.01.035","article-title":"Dapagliflozin, a selective SGLT2 Inhibitor, attenuated cardiac fibrosis by regulating the macrophage polarization via STAT3 signaling in infarcted rat hearts","volume":"104","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2023.122354","article-title":"Empagliflozin protects against isoprenaline-induced fibrosis in rat heart through modulation of TGF-\u03b2\/SMAD pathway","volume":"337","author":"Elsayed","year":"2024","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"ref_174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chen, W., Zhang, Y., Wang, Z., Tan, M., Lin, J., Qian, X., Li, H., and Jiang, T. (2023). Dapagliflozin alleviates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by reducing ferroptosis via MAPK signaling inhibition. Front. Pharmacol., 20.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1078205"},{"key":"ref_175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11290","article-title":"Novel role of PKR in inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release","volume":"488","author":"Lu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref_176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3806","article-title":"A small-molecule inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome for the treatment of inflammatory diseases","volume":"21","author":"Coll","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"ref_177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.200903124","article-title":"Glyburide inhibits the Cryopyrin\/Nalp3 inflammasome","volume":"187","author":"Lamkanfi","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Cell Biol."},{"key":"ref_178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2550","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-04947-6","article-title":"Oridonin is a covalent NLRP3 inhibitor with strong anti-inflammasome activity","volume":"9","author":"He","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"ref_179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1530","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1716095115","article-title":"OLT1177, a \u03b2-sulfonyl nitrile compound, safe in humans, inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and reverses the metabolic cost of inflammation","volume":"115","author":"Marchetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3219","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20171419","article-title":"Identification of a selective and direct NLRP3 inhibitor to treat inflammatory disorders","volume":"214","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"key":"ref_181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8689","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201708689","article-title":"Tranilast directly targets NLRP3 to treat inflammasome-driven diseases","volume":"10","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"EMBO Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1007\/s40268-022-00382-7","article-title":"NLRP3 Inhibitor Tranilast Attenuates Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Genetic Mouse Model","volume":"22","author":"Cao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs R D"},{"key":"ref_183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01734129","article-title":"Simple determination of microangiopathy of the capillaries of the rectal mucosa in diabetics","volume":"46","author":"Missmahl","year":"1968","journal-title":"Wien. Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"ref_184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, L., Zhang, X., and Wang, Q. (2022). Effects and mechanisms of SGLT2 inhibitors on the NLRP3 inflammasome, with a focus on atherosclerosis. Front. Endocrinol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2022.992937"},{"key":"ref_185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.012","article-title":"Influence of cardiometabolic comorbidities on myocardial function, infarction, and cardioprotection: Role of cardiac redox signaling","volume":"166","author":"Andreadou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Free Radic. Biol. Med."},{"key":"ref_186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3421","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa419","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of dapagliflozin on left ventricular hypertrophy in people with type two diabetes: The DAPA-LVH trial","volume":"41","author":"Brown","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"ref_187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02210-5","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, inflammation, and heart failure: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"23","author":"Guo","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stachteas, P., Nasoufidou, A., Karagiannidis, E., Patoulias, D., Karakasis, P., Alexiou, S., Samaras, A., Zormpas, G., Stavropoulos, G., and Tsalikakis, D. (2024). The Role of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitors in Atrial Fibrillation: A Comprehensive Review. J. Clin. Med., 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13185408"},{"key":"ref_189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zarei, B., Fazli, B., Tayyebi, M., Teshnizi, M.A., Moeinipour, A., Javedanfar, O., Bayaz, R.J.D., Rahmati, M., Ghavami, V., and Amini, S. (Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol., 2024). Evaluation of the effect of empagliflozin on prevention of atrial fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, Naunyn-Schmiedeberg\u2019s Arch. Pharmacol., online ahead of print.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3906745\/v1"},{"key":"ref_190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1087","DOI":"10.1111\/pace.15038","article-title":"Empagliflozin to prevent post-operative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Rationale and design of the EMPOAF trial","volume":"47","author":"Aghakouchakzadeh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Pacing Clin. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26851","article-title":"Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors and inflammation in chronic kidney disease: Possible molecular pathways","volume":"234","author":"Yaribeygi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Cell Physiol."},{"key":"ref_192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.28733","article-title":"Fish oil and postoperative atrial fibrillation: The Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) randomized trial","volume":"308","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref_193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008382","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.120.008382","article-title":"Prospective Evaluation of Clinico-Pathological Predictors of Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation: An Ancillary Study From the OPERA Trial","volume":"13","author":"Corradi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"ref_194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"ref_195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Uthman, L., Baartscheer, A., Schumacher, C.A., Fiolet, J.W., Kuschma, M.C., Hollmann, M.W., Coronel, R., Weber, N.C., and Zuurbier, C.J. (2018). Direct Cardiac Actions of Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Target Pathogenic Mechanisms Underlying Heart Failure in Diabetic Patients. Front. Physiol., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01575"},{"key":"ref_196","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13854","article-title":"Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors on the cardiovascular and renal complications of type 2 diabetes Diabetes","volume":"22","author":"Chilton","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Metab."},{"key":"ref_197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Palmiero, G., Cesaro, A., Vetrano, E., Pafundi, P.C., Galiero, R., Caturano, A., Moscarella, E., Gragnano, F., Salvatore, T., and Rinaldi, L. (2021). Impact of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Heart Failure: From Pathophysiology to Clinical Effects. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22115863"},{"key":"ref_198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2019.08.033","article-title":"Direct Effects of Empagliflozin on Extracellular Matrix Remodelling in Human Cardiac Myofibroblasts: Novel Translational Clues to Explain EMPA-REG OUTCOME Results","volume":"36","author":"Kang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"ref_199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e006277","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006277","article-title":"Empagliflozin Blunts Worsening Cardiac Dysfunction Associated with Reduced NLRP3 (Nucleotide-Binding Domain-Like Receptor Protein 3) Inflammasome Activation in Heart Failure","volume":"13","author":"Byrne","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.2337\/dc17-1096","article-title":"How Does Empagliflozin Reduce Cardiovascular Mortality? Insights From a Mediation Analysis of the EMPA-REG OUTCOME Trial","volume":"41","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"ref_201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01147-9","article-title":"Empagliflozin reduced long-term HbA1c variability and cardiovascular death: Insights from the EMPA-REG OUTCOME trial","volume":"19","author":"Ceriello","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1596","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: Rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-Preserved Trial","volume":"21","author":"Anker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2580","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.13406","article-title":"Design and rationale of the EMPA-VISION trial: Investigating the metabolic effects of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure","volume":"8","author":"Hundertmark","year":"2021","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"ref_204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2127","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-15983-6","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition modulates NLRP3 inflammasome activity via ketones and insulin in diabetes with cardiovascular disease","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."}],"container-title":["Antioxidants"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/11\/1388\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:32:21Z","timestamp":1760113941000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/2076-3921\/13\/11\/1388"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"references-count":204,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["antiox13111388"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13111388","relation":{},"ISSN":["2076-3921"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2076-3921","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]}}}