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However, an excess of DHA may increase lipid peroxidation due to its high degree of unsaturation, particularly in tissues highly susceptible to oxidative stress, such as the brain. Therefore, this study evaluated the effects of 10 weeks of dietary supplementation with fish oil containing 80% DHA on oxidative stress and the modulation of the carbonylated proteome in both the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of male Sprague Dawley rats. The results were compared with those induced by oils with a lower degree of fat unsaturation (fish oil containing 25% DHA and 25% eicosapentaenoic acid, soybean oil containing 50% linoleic acid and coconut oil containing 90% saturated fat). The results demonstrated that fish oil containing 80% DHA significantly increased the \u03c93\/\u03c96 ratio in both the cortex and cerebellum while stimulating antioxidant defense by enhancing the reduced glutathione amount and decreasing the carbonylation of specific proteins, mainly those involved in glycolysis and neurotransmission. The majority of sensitive proteins in both brain regions followed this carbonylation trend (in decreasing order): soybean &gt; EPA\/DHA 1:1 &gt; coconut &gt; 80% DHA. The results also indicated that the cerebellum is more responsive than the cortex to changes in the cellular redox environment induced by varying degrees of fat unsaturation. In conclusion, under healthy conditions, dietary supplementation with fish oils containing high DHA levels makes the brain more resilient to potential oxidative insults compared to oils with lower DHA content and a lower degree of fatty acid unsaturation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13111408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T05:36:45Z","timestamp":1731908205000},"page":"1408","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of the Degree of Unsaturation in Fish Oil Supplements on Oxidative Stress and Protein Carbonylation in the Cerebral Cortex and Cerebellum of Healthy Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Francisco","family":"Moreno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"University of Vigo, Circunvalaci\u00f3n ao Campus Universitario, 36310 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9711-2994","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ingrid","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1294-7069","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bernat","family":"Miralles-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"},{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Lloren\u00e7 21, 43201 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Montserrat","family":"Giralt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Lloren\u00e7 21, 43201 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2131-1858","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marta","family":"Romeu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Sant Lloren\u00e7 21, 43201 Reus, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9293-4454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Ramos-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain"},{"name":"Nutrition & Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josep Llu\u00eds","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition & Food Safety Research Institute (INSA-UB), Maria de Maeztu Unit of Excellence, Prat de la Riba 171, 08921 Santa Coloma de Gramenet, Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IQAC-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Medina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Marine Research\u2014Spanish National Research Council (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Djuricic, I., and Calder, P.C. 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